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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CMS system inNicotiana: flower development, patterns of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial gene expression (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Flower morphogenesis ; mtDNA organization ; In organello protein synthesis ; Mitochondrial transcripts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A detailed description of in planta floral ontogeny based on scanning electron microscopy, developmental histology and morphology is presented for three different alloplasmic gene-cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS)Nicotiana tabacum isonuclear lines with cytoplasms ofN. bigelovii, N. debneyi and N. suaveolens and compared to the corresponding nuclear donorN. tabacum genotype. This allowed the precise determination of the developmental stages affected in the mutant forms as well as a thorough phenotypic characterization of them. The organization of the mitochondrial genome and expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was investigated in the three different alloplasmic CMS tobacco analogs and compared to the corresponding malefertile parentalNicotiana species. Southern hybridizations of total cellular DNA and mtDNA from the different sets of lines with probes specific for mitochondrial genes coding for cytochrome oxidase subunits I, II and III, apocytochrome b, ATPase subunits α and 9 as well as 18S-5S ribosomal RNA indicated that: (a) mtDNA organization is different between mitochondrial genomes of fertile and sterile lines but identical in two different fertile tobacco lines; however genetic similarity among different mitochondrial genome types can be revealed by restriction fragment patterns; (b) although several differences were detected between the male-sterile and male-fertile plants, most of these were related to the origin of the mitochondria (cytoplasm donorNicotiana species); (c) identical mtDNA rearrangements — distinct to the cytoplasm donor — occur in cytoplasmic malesterile tobacco analogs bearing cytoplasm fromN. bigelovii in two differentN. tabacum nuclear backgrounds, indicating that mitochondrial genome structure inNicotiana is altered by substitution of the nuclear back-ground, since (d) inter- and intraspecific mitochondrial genome diversity among differentNicotiana species and the corresponding alloplasmic CMS tobacco analogs can be determined by hybridization with mtDNA specific probes. Analysis of in organello translation products in the three CMS-systems described confirmed the presence of variant proteins synthesized by mitochondria from CMS and male-fertileNicotiana isonuclear lines. In addition, differences due to the origin of both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which involve changes in the presence or size of particular polypeptides, are apparent. A common feature of all three systems — including two different nuclear backgrounds — is the enhanced synthesis of a 31-kDa polypeptide in the strictly isonuclear CMS lines compared to the male-fertile tobacco. In addition, organellar gene expression was studied by Northern blot analysis of transcripts homologous to mitochondrial gene probes, revealing variant mtRNA species associated with some CMS lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714554
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quick Identification of the Members of the Glutamine Synthetase Gene Family from Sunflower by Simultaneous Amplification of cDNA with Degenerate Primers (1998)
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 41 (1998), S. 339-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Keywords: chloroplastic isoforms ; cytosolic isoforms ; Helianthus annuus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A single degenerate glutamine synthetase (GS)-specific primer was used to amplify the 3′ end of cDNAs derived from different GS genes that are expressed in leaves and roots of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Peredovic). Four types of GS cDNA (I, II, III and IV) were simultaneously amplified from leaves and five types (I, II, V, VI, VII) from roots with a minimum investment of time and experimental work. cDNAs II, III and IV encode chloroplastic isoforms as deduced by the presence of chloroplastic GS-specific features in their sequences. The rest of cDNAs codifies cytosolic isoforms. Using cDNA-specific probes and primers, homologous sequences to all GS cDNAs amplified from cv. Peredovic, except to cDNAs III and IV, were detected in the inbred line R41. This result strongly suggests that the three cDNAs for chloroplastic isoform are allelic sequences from the same locus, and since cDNA type IV contains sequences derived from cDNAs II and III, it indicates a recombinational origin. The results presented are consistent with the existence of a GS gene family in sunflower with at least five members. Four of them, named ggs1.1 to ggs1.4, codify for the cytosolic isoforms (cDNAs I, V, VI and VII). A fifth member, named ggs2, from which three allelic sequences (cDNAs II, III and IV) have been cloned, encodes the chloroplastic isoform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001825706687
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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