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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1993), S. 770-776 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Intergeneric hybrids ; Bridge cross ; Alloplasmics ; Diplotaxis ; Brassica cultivars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intergeneric hybrids were produced between Diplotaxis siettiana and Brassica campestris through embryo rescue. The hybrids were completely pollen sterile and backcrosses with pollen of B. campestris did not yield any seeds. Induction of colchiploidy restored pollen fertility and backcross pollinations yielded viable seeds. Cytological details of the hybrid, amphidiploid and backcross progenies were studied. Both pollen-sterile and pollen-fertile plants have been obtained in backcross 2 progeny. This hybrid (D. siettiana x B. campestris) was used as a bridge cross to transfer the cytoplasm of D. Siettiana to two other incompatible cultivars of Brassica — B. juncea and B. napus. Pollinations of the amphidiploid (D. siettiana x B. campestris, 2n = 36) with pollen of B. juncea/B. napus readily produced seeds without embryo rescue. These hybrids were grown to flowering and their cytological details were studied. Seeds have been produced from backcross pollinations of both these hybrids with the pollen of the respective cultivars. The results clearly show the feasibility of producing alloplasmic lines in all the three oilseed brassicas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Erucastrum abyssinicum ; Brassica spp ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Bridge crosses ; Amphiploidy ; Stress resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three intergeneric hybrids were produced between a cold-tolerant wild species, Erucastrum abyssinicum and three cultivated species of Brassica, B. juncea, B. carinata and B. oleracea, through ovary culture. The hybrids were characterized by morphology, cytology and DNA analysis. Amphiploidy was induced in all the F1 hybrids through colchicine treatment. Stable amphiploids and backcross progenies were obtained from two of the crosses, E. abyssinicum x B. juncea and E. abyssinicum x B. carinata. The amphiploid, E. abyssinicum x B. juncea was successfully used as a bridge species to produce hybrids with B. napus, B. campestris and B. nigra. These hybrids and backcross progenies provide useful genetic variability for the improvement of crop brassicas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1992), S. 655-662 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Crop brassicas ; Enarthrocarpus lyratus ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Embryo rescue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Attempts were made to produce intergeneric hybrids between Enarthrocarpus lyratus, a wild species, and several species of crop brassicas: B. campestris, B. nigra, B. oleracea, B. juncea, B. napus and B. Carinata. Hybrids using E. lyratus as female parent were realized by means of embryo rescue in four combinations — E. lyratus x B. campestris, E. lyratus x B. oleracea, E. lyratus x B. napus and E. lyratus x B. carinata. Reciprocal crosses showed strong pre-fertilization barriers and yielded no hybrids except in one combination — B. Juncea x E. Lyratus — in which a single hybrid could be realized. All of the hybrids were multiplied in vitro through the multiplication of axillary shoots. Morphological and cytological studies confirmed hybridity. All hybrids were completely pollen sterile except for E. lyratus x B. carinata, which showed 2% pollen fertility. Attempts to double the chromosome number through the in vitro application of colchicine to axillary meristems of F1 hybrids were successful in only one hybrid, E. lyratus x B. oleracea. Cytological studies of the hybrids indicated the presence of a partial homology between the genomes of E. lyratus and crop brassicas. Backcross progenies were raised from all of the five F1 hybrids to develop malesterile alloplasmic lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Erucastrum abyssinicum ; Brassica spp ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Bridge crosses ; Amphiploidy ; Stress resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Three intergeneric hybrids were produced between a cold-tolerant wild species, Erucastrum abyssinicum and three cultivated species of Brassica, B. juncea, B. carinata and B. oleracea, through ovary culture. The hybrids were characterized by morphology, cytology and DNA analysis. Amphiploidy was induced in all the hybrids through colchicine treatment. Stable amphiploids and backcross progenies were obtained from two of the crosses, E. abyssinicum B. juncea and E. abyssinicum B. carinata. The amphiploid, E. abyssinicum B. juncea, was successfully used as a bridge species to produce hybrids with B. napus, B. campestris and B. nigra. These hybrids and backcross progenies provide useful genetic variability for the improvement of crop brassicas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Breeding system ; Heterostyly ; Pollen-stigma interaction ; Self-incompatibility ; Pollen hydration ; Pollen membranes ; Primula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The pollens from pin (long-styled) and thrum (short-styled) flowers ofPrimula differ markedly in water economy. While pin pollen is little affected by atmospheric humidity, the germinability of thrum pollen in liquid medium is sensitive to the conditions experienced during the immediately preceding period, being depressed when the grains are partly desiccated, although capable of being restored with subsequent controlled rehydration. The tubes produced by incompletely rehydrated thrum pollen show abnormal growth forms, suggesting that the effect is on the membranes of the vegetative cell, a conclusion supported by observations on membrane state using the fluorochromatic reaction. Thrum pollen stripped of part of the material carried in the cavities of the exine by rinsing with a lipid solvent loses much of its capacity for the uptake of atmospheric water, indicating that, in this morph, some factor facilitating hydration is transferred from the sporophytic parent during pollen maturation. Implications of these differences in the physiology of the pin and thrum pollens for the functioning of the intramorph-incompatibility system are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Breeding system ; Heterostyly ; Pollen-stigma interaction ; Pollen tube growth ; Primula ; Self-incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The stigmas of the heterostylous genusPrimula are of the “dry” type without a free-flowing surface secretion. The papillae of the stigma surface cells of the two morphs, in pin (stigma exserted) and thrum (stamens exserted), bear a thin proteinaceous surface pellicle, overlying a discontinuous cuticle. The vacuoles of the papillate cells contain tannins, and tannin cells extend in files through the stigma heads and form a loose sheath surrounding the pollen-tube transmitting tract in the styles. The cells of the transmitting tissue in the stigma heads have a normal complement of organelles, and abundant ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum. The intercellular spaces contain an internal secretion which reacts cytochemically for both carbohydrate and protein. The transmitting tract in the styles forms a central core surrounded by several vascular strands. The cells are elongated, and the intercellular spaces here also have a carbohydrate-protein content. In a compatible pollination, thrum pollen tubes enter the stigma by penetrating the cuticle at the tip or on the flank of the pin papilla. Pin tubes on the thrum stigma enter between adjacent papillae, penetrating the thin cuticle at the base. The tubes grow through the transmitting tracts in the intercellular material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Breeding system ; Heterostyly ; Pollen-stigma interaction ; Pollen tube growth ; Primula ; Self-incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In incompatible (intramorph) pollinations of the heterostylousPrimula vulgaris, pollen germination or tube growth may be partially inhibited in several sites associated with the stigma or style. Blockage may occur, a) on the stigma surface through the failure of germination or of pollen tube penetration after germination, b) in the stigma head during the passage of the tube through the specialized transmitting tissue of the head, or c) in the transmitting tract of the style. None of the barriers is complete, and the prohibition of selfing or intramorph crossing depends upon the cumulative screening effect of one following upon the other. In both morphs, the germination of incompatible pollen on the stigma is enhanced in high ambient relative humidity, but many tubes still fail to penetrate the stigma. Those that do are retarded or blocked in their growth in the transmitting tissues of the stigma head and style. Crude extracts from the tissues of the stigma head and style show some differential effect on the growth of pollen tubesin vitro, and dialysates of extracts containing high molecular weight fractions show a consistent differential effect, those from thrum tissues retarding thrum tubes while having a lesser effect on pin tubes, and those from pin tissues retarding pin tubes while having lesser effect on thrum. It is suggested that the factors influencing tube growth are present in the intercellular secretions of the transmitting tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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