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  • Structure  (6)
  • acentric crystal structure  (3)
  • Hodgkin's disease  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 121 (1990), S. 853-864 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Oxoindate ; K3Na2[InO4] ; Structure ; MAPLE ; Charge distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract With K3Na2[InO4] the first example of new kind of oxides of the type A3A′2[MO4] with R(A)〉R(A′) was prepared in form of colourless single crystals by oxidation of the intermetallic compound “KNaIn2”. Intimate mixtures of the educts (K2O2: “K0.5Na0.5In”=1.2:1) were heated in sealed Ag-tubes (380 °C, 2 d, then 480 °C, 5 d). K3Na2[InO4] crystallizes monoclinic (P21/n) witha=1012.6 pm,b=969.9 pm,c=725.4 pm, β=91.02°;Z=4. The crystal structure was elucidated by four-circle diffractometer (PW 1100, Ag-Kā, 6047I o(hkl),R=7.3%,R w=4.4%). The new typ forms a very complicated 3-dimensional network ∞ 3 {Na2InO4} stuffed by 3 K+. The Madelung part of lattice energy, MAPLE, is calculated and discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 9 (1998), S. 87-90 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: high-dose chemotherapy ; Hodgkin's disease ; radiation therapy ; salvage therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expected event-free survival for patients undergoing high-dose salvage therapy for Hodgkin's disease is 40%-60%. Three-quarters of these patients will relapse in prior sites of disease. Radiation therapy is a very effective local-regional modality in Hodgkin's disease. It is possible that the judicious use of radiation can improve the event-free survival of high-dose salvage programs. Retrospective analysis supports this concept, but the rationale should be incorporated and tested in prospective clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 8 (1997), S. 115-118 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cardiac ; complications ; Hodgkin's disease ; mortality ; secondary cancers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The long-term survival of patients treated for Hodgkin'sdisease permits careful evaluation of long-term complications and excessmortality. Patients and methods: Between 1960 and 1995, 2498 patients who weretreated for Hodgkin's disease at Stanford University were evaluated. Survival,freedom from relapse, and important complications of therapy (cardiac diseaseand secondary cancers) were analyzed, and risk of mortality from all causeswas calculated utilizing absolute excess risk calculations. Results: The risk of death from Hodgkin's disease is 17% at15 years of follow-up and increases only slightly thereafter. The risk ofdeath from other causes is also 17% at 15 years, but increases sharplythereafter. The major causes of mortality (other than Hodgkin's disease) aresecondary cancers and cardiac disease. Second cancers with significantincrease in risk include leukemia (acute nonlymphocytic), non-Hodgkin'slymphoma, lung/pleural cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, soft tissue and bonesarcomas, stomach cancer, salivary gland tumors, thyroid cancer, andpancreatic cancer. The absolute excess risk of death from causes other thanHodgkin's disease increases during each five-year follow-up interval for atleast 25 years. However, the absolute excess risk of death during similarfollow-up periods is less for patients treated in more recent years(1980–1995) than in the prior treatment era (1962–1980). Conclusions: Mortality for causes other than Hodgkin's disease isimportant in the long-term follow-up of patients. Causes of death are oftentreatment related. Changes in treatment programs can reduce the long-termexcess risk of death from complications of therapy.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1818-1826 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: New Oxoindate(III) ; Structure ; MAPLE Calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The First Oligooxoindate(III): K14[In4O13]For the first time K14[In4O13] was obtained by heating intimate mixtures of K2O, CdO and elementar In (molar ratio 3.1:1.0:1.0) in closed Ag-cylinders (30 days, 450°C) in form of yellow-brown single crystals. The structure determination by four circle diffractometer data MoKα, 3 689 out of 3 689 Io(hkl), R = 4.22, Rw = 2.45) confirms the space group P21/c with lattice constants a = 687.7 pm; b = 3 118.5 pm; c = 686.4 pm; β = 119.3°; Z = 2. The characteristic feature of the structure is [In4O13]14- groups, oligomers consisting of four corner-sharing InO4 tetrahedra. These groups are connected by crystallographically distinct potassium atoms. The structure is isotypic with Na14[Al4O13] [2] and K14[Fe3O13] [3]. ECoN and MAPLE calculationes are discussed.
    Notes: Beim Tempern inniger Gemenge von K2O, CdO und elementarem In (Einwaageverhältnis 3,1:1,0:1,0) in verschlossenen Ag-Zylindern (30 Tage, 450°C) erhielten wir neben schwach roten Kristallen von K5InO4 [1] auch gelbbraune Kristalle von K14[In4O13]. Die Strukturaufklärung (Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, MoKα, 3 698 von 3 698 Io(hkl), R = 4,22%, Rw = 2,45%) erfolgte in der Raumgruppe P21/c mit den Gitterkonstanten: a = 687,7 pm; b = 3 118,5 pm; c = 686,4 pm; β = 119,3°; Z = 2. Charakteristischer Teil der Struktur sind „isolierte“ Baugruppen [In4O13]14-, die aus vier über Ecken verknüpften InO4-Tetraedern bestehen und durch kristallographisch unterschiedliche K+ in verschiedenen Richtungen verknüpft werden. Dieses Oxid ist isotyp zu Na14[Al4O13] [2] und K14[Fe4O13] [3]. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie MAPLE wird berechnet und mit den binären Oxiden verglichen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1069-1074 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Cesium-gallium hydrogen triphosphate ; acentric crystal structure ; CHARDI ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zur azentrischen Kristallstruktur von CsGaHP3O10 der Form IIIDurch Kristallisation aus einer Polyphosphorsäure-Schmelze wurde CsGaHP3O10-III in Form farbloser, prismatisch-plättchenförmiger Einkristalle erhalten.Hier liegt die orthorhombische (azentrische) Raumgruppe Pca21 mit a = 1 176,3(1) pm, b = 496,55(5) pm, c = 1 572,2(1) pm und Z = 4 vor (1 268 symmetrieunabhängige Reflexe (Io 〉 2σ(Io)), 140 freie Parameter, wR2 = 0,0742 (SHELXL-93)).Isolierte P3O10-Ketten sind durch Ga zu Schichten parallel (0 0 1) verknüpft. Diese werden durch Cs sowie durch Wasserstoffbrücken untereinander verbunden. Die Schichten sind jeweils um c/2 voneinander getrennt.Diese neue Struktur wird mit den bereits bekannten von CsGaHP3O10-I und Cs3Ga3P12O36 verglichen. Weiterhin werden die Mittleren Fiktiven Ionenradien (MEFIR), die Effektiven Koordinationszahlen (ECoN) sowie die Ladungsverteilung nach dem CHARDI-Konzept berechnet und diskutiert.
    Notes: Cesium gallium hydrogen triphosphate CsGaHP3O10-III crystallizes in the space group Pca21, a = 1 176.3(1) pm, b = 496.55(5) pm, c = 1 572.2(1) pm and Z = 4.The structure was solved by using 1 268 unique reflections Io 〉 2σ(Io) with a final wR2 value of 0.0742 (SHELXL-93).The P3O10 chain anions, bonded by Ga, are spreaded in layers parallel (0 0 1); the layers are interconnected by Cspolyhedra and obviously by hydrogen bonds. The interlayer distance is c/2.The new structure is compared with the previously known structures of CsGaHP3O10-I and Cs3Ga3P12O36.Effective Coordination Numbers (ECoN), Mean Fictive Ionic Radii (MEFIR), and the Charge Distribution (CHARDI) are calculated for the title compound.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Binuclear Oxoferrates(II) ; Structure ; MAPLE ; CHARDI ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: News about Binuclear Oxoferrates(II) [1].By “reaction with the wall” of the Fe-cylinders used here we synthesized the new oxoferrates(II) Cs6[Fe2O5], Cs3.5Rb2.5[Fe2O5] and Rb4K2[Fe2O5] in the form of red single crystals. The structure elucidation via four-circle-diffractometer data shows that the new oxoferrates(II) are isotypic with Cs2(Cs0.35K1.65)K2 [Fe2O5]. In the structure we have isolated binuclear groups [(O1)2Fe - O(2) - Fe(O1)2]6-. Structure refinements is possible in the centrosymmetrial space group C2/m as well as in the space groups C2 and Cm without centre of symmetry.The existence of two further oxoferrates(II) Cs6-xRbx[Fe2O5] and Cs6-xKx[Fe2O5] which can be described as solid solutions was confirmed by power-data.
    Notes: Durch “Reaktion mit der Wand” der eisernen Reaktionsgefäße wurden die neuen zweikernigen Oxoferrate(II) Cs6[Fe2O5], Cs2(Cs1,5Rb0,5)Rb2 [Fe2O5] und Rb4K2[Fe2O5] in Form von granatroten Einkristallen dargestellt. Die Strukturaufklärung mittels Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten bestätigt die Isotypie zu Cs2(Cs0,35K1,65)K2 [Fe2O5]. Es liegen isolierte zweikernige Baugruppen [(O1)2Fe - O(2) - Fe(O1)2]6- vor. Strukturverfeinerung ist sowohl in der zentrischen Raumgruppe C2/m als auch in den azentrischen Raumgruppen C2 und Cm möglich, eine eindeutige Festlegung ist noch nicht möglich.Die Existenz zweier weiterer Mischkristalle, Cs6-xRbx[Fe2O5] und Cs6-xKx[Fe2O5], wurde mit Pulver-Daten belegt.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1179-1184 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: New basic Oxoindate(III): Na26O3[InO4]4 ; Structure ; MAPLE ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The First Basic Oxoindate: Na26O3[InO4]4For the first time Na26O3[InO4]4 was obtained by annealing intimate mixtures of Na2O, CdO and elemental In (molar ratio 3.5:1.0:2.0) in closed Ni-cylinders (30 days, 600°C) in form of yellow single crystals. The structure determination by four circle diffractometer data (MoKα, 921 out of 921 Io(hkl), R = 2.53, Rw = 2.18%) confirms the space group 143d (cubic) with a = 1 427.37 pm and Z = 4. All kation are surrounded by tetrahedron of O2-. In3+ is coordinated with O(1) and O(2) (without O(3)) only. There are „isolated“ [InO4]-tetrahedra. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, the Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR, Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, and Charge Distribution, CHARDI, are calculated.
    Notes: Beim Tempern inniger Gemenge von Na2O, CdO und elementarem In (3,5:1,0:2,0) in verschlossenen Ni-Zylindern (30 Tage, 600°C) erhielten wir gelbe Einkristalle von Na26O3[InO4]4. Die Strukturaufklärung (Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, MoKα, 921 von 921 Io(hkl), R = 2,53, Rw = 2,18%) erfolgte in der Raumgruppe 143d (kubisch) mit a = 1 427,37 pm und Z = 4. Alle Kationen sind tetraedrisch von O2- umgeben; In3+ jedoch nur von O(1) und O(2) und nicht von O(3). Strukturcharakteristisch sind die „Inseln“ [InO4], auffallend die C.N. 8 für O(3). Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, die Mittleren Fiktiven Ionenradien, MEFIR, Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, sowie die Ladungsverteilung, CHARDI, werden berechnet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Caesium gallium hydrogen phosphate ; phosphoric acid ; acentric crystal structure ; preparation ; CHARDI ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Herstellung und Kristallstruktur eines neuen azentrischen Caesiumgalliumhydrogenphosphats, das Phosphorsäure enthält, Cs2Ga(H2PO4)(HPO4)2 · H3PO4 · 0,5 H2OEinkristalle von Caesiumgalliumhydrogenphosphat, Cs2Ga(H2PO4)(HPO4)2 · H3PO4 · 0,5 H2O, wurden durch Mikrowellenerhitzen (1 St.) von einer Mischung aus CsGa(H2PO4)4 und Cs2CO3, mit einer überschüssigen Menge Phosphorsäure hergestellt. Es kristallisiert tetragonal, Raumgrupe I41cd (N° 110 Int. Tab.) mit Z = 16 und a = 2016,8(5), c = 1828,7(5) pm.Die Kristallstruktur wurde unter Verwendung von 3341 symmetrieunabhängigen Reflexen Fo 〉 4σ(Fo) mit einem wR2 Wert von 0,1549 (SHELXL-93) gelöst. Das charakteristische Strukturelement der Kristallstruktur sind Säulen in Richtung [001], die aus PO4-Tetraedern um GaO6-Oktaeder herum gebildet werden. Cs+, H3PO4 und H2O Moleküle verknüpfen die Säulen zu einem dreidimensionalen Gerüst.Die Mittleren Fiktiven Ionenradien (MEFIR), die Effektiven Koordinationszahlen (ECoN), die Ladungsverteilung nach dem CHARDI-Konzept sowie der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie (MAPLE) werden berechnet und diskutiert.
    Notes: Single crystals of caesium gallium hydrogen phosphate, Cs2Ga(H2PO4)(HPO4)2 · H3PO4 · 0.5 H2O, were prepared by microwave-induced heating (1 h) a mixture of CsGa(H2PO4)4 and Cs2CO3 in the excess of H3PO4. It crystallizes tetragonal, space group 141cd (N° 110 Int. Tab.) with Z = 16 and a = 2016.8(5), c = 1828.7(5) pm.The crystal structure was solved by using 3341 unique reflections Fo 〉 4σ (Fo) with a final wR2 value of 0.1549 (SHELXL-93).The main feature of the crystal structure are columns formed by PO4-tetrahedra around the GaO6 octahedra along the [001] direction. Cs+, H3PO4 and H2O molecules connect the columns into framework. Effective Coordination Numbers (ECoN), Mean Fictive Ionic Radii (MEFIR), Charge Distribution (CHARDI) and the Madelung Part of Lattice Energy (MAPLE) are calculated for the title compound.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 777-780 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: New Oxothallate(III) ; Structure ; MAPLE ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The First Oxothallate(III) with the Formula Type AA4′[MO4]: CsK4[TlO4]For the first time CsK4[TlO4] was obtained by heating intimate mixtures of K2O, CdO and CsTl (molar ratio 3.1:1.0:1.0) in closed Ag-cylinders (25 days, 450°C) in form of yellow, transparent single crystals. The structure determination by four circle diffractometer data (MoKα, 1922 out of 2 094 Io(hkl), R = 2.98, Rw = 2.49) confirms the space group Pbca with lattice constants a = 1 192.1 pm; b = 685.7 pm; c = 2 143.5 pm; Z = 8. The structure is isotypic with Na5[GaO4]. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, the Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR, Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, and Charge Distribution, CHARDI, are calculated.
    Notes: Beim Tempern inniger Gemenge von K2O, CdO und CsTl (3,1:1,0:1,0) in verschlossenen Ag-Zylindern (25 Tage, 450°C) erhielten wir gelbe, transparente Einkristalle von bisher unbekanntem CsK4[TlO4]. Die Strukturaufklärung (Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, MoKα, 1922 von 2094 Io(hkl), R = 2,98%, Rw = 2,49%) erfolgte in der Raumgruppe Pbca mit den Gitterkonstanten: a = 1 192,1 pm; b = 685,7 pm; c = 2 143,5 pm; Z = 8. Es liegt Isotypie zu Na5[GaO4] vor. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, die Mittleren Fiktiven Ionenradien, MEFIR, Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, sowie die Ladungsverteilung, CHARDI, werden berechnet.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 781-785 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxothallate(III) ; Preparation ; Structure ; MAPLE ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation of Intermetallic Phases: K4{Na2[Tl2O6]} from NaTl and K2O2The hitherto unknown K4{Na2[Tl2O6]} was prepared in form of transparent, yellow single crystals from NaTl and KO1,08 (molar ratio 1:1.3; sealed Ag-cylinder; 450°C, 30 d). The structure determination (four-circle diffractometer, MoKα, 1 280 out of 1 523 Io(hkl), R = 5.75%, Rw = 4.58%) confirms the space group P21/c with a = 641.3 pm, b = 691.1 pm, c = 1188.5 pm, β = 95.69° and Z = 2. As characteristic building units of the structure there are doubles of tetrahedra of [Tl2O6] and [Na2O6]. The compound is isotypic with Cs6[In2O6] and Rb6[Tl2O6]. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, the Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR, Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, and Charge Distribution, CHARDI, are calculated.
    Notes: Bisher unbekanntes K4{Na2[Tl2O6]} wurde durch Oxydation von NaTl mit KO1,08 (1:1,3; geschlossener Ag-Zylinder; 450°C; 30 Tage) in Form transparenter, gelber Einkristalle dargestellt. Die Strukturaufklärung (Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, MoKα, 1 280 von 1 523 Io(hkl), R = 5,75%, Rw = 4,58%) erfolgte in der Raumgruppe P21/c mit a = 641,3 pm, b = 691,1 pm, c = 1 188,5 pm, β = 95,69° und Z = 2. Charakteristisches Motiv sind über Kanten verknüpfte, von ihresgleichen „isolierte“ Tetraederdoppel [Tl2O6] und [Na2O6]. Die Verbindung ist isotyp zu Cs6[In2O6] und Rb6[Tl2O6]. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, die Mittleren fiktiven Ionenradien, MEFIR, Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, sowie die Ladungsverteilung, CHARDI, werden berechnet.
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