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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16)
  • Human  (1)
  • Key words Ectatic leg veins  (1)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 74 (1978), S. 147-164 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The phase-structure of high impact polypropylene (HIPP) has been investigated using X-ray wide-angle and small-angle techniques. The results are compared with structural data obtained by measuring the correspondent homopolymers. The WAXS-curves show that the polyethylene and polypropylene building up the HIPP are built in separate crystals. The SAXS-curves make clear, that the PE- as well as PP-crystals stack together in separated superstructural regions. Theoretical calculations of the SAXS-curves employing the “stapel”-model yield structure parameters characterising the superstructures of both phases. The temperature dependence of the superstructure parameters of both phases shows clearly, that the crystals melt according to a model proposed by Kilian. A comparison of the superstructure data of the HIPP with those of the investigated homopolymers shows, that the phases of the HIPP are separated to an extent allowing both the PE and PP phase to crystallize undisturbed like in the homopolymer.
    Notes: Die Phasenstruktur einer schlagzähen Polypropylenprobe (HIPP) wird mit Hilfe von Röntgenweit-und Kleinwinkelstreuung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Strukturdaten verglichen, die an parallel untersuchten Polyethylen-und Polypropylen-Homopolymeren erhalten werden. Die Röntgenweitwinkelstreukurven zeigen, daß das Polyethylen und Polypropylen im HIPP in getrennte Kristalle eingebaut wird. Aus den Röntgenkleinwinkelstreukurven wird deutlich, daß sich die PE-und PP-Kristalle in getrennten Überstrukturbereichen zusammenlagern. Berechnungen der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreukurven mit dem Stapelmodell ergeben Strukturparameter, mit denen die Üerstrukturen der beiden Komponenten charakterisiert werden können. Die Temperaturabhängigkeiten der Überstrukturparameter zeigen, daß die Kristalle sowohl in der PF-wie auch in der PP-Komponente größensekutiv entsprechend einem Modell von Kilian aufschmelzen. Der Vergleich der Überstrukturdaten des HIPP mit denen der Homopolymeren zeigt, daß die beiden Komponenten des HIPP so weitgehend entmischt sind, daß sie wie im Homopolymeren kristallisieren können. Bei gleicher Vorbehandlung der Proben entstehen daher sowohl im HIPP als auch in den Homopolymeren nahezu identische Überstrukturen.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1891-1896 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization behavior of an isotactic polypropylene/linear low-density polyethylene blend (PP/LLDPE) that is modified with styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) has been investigated using differential thermoanalysis and polarization microscopy. SEBS, which enhances the impact resistance of the blend, has an effect on both the nucleation and crystallization kinetics of the polypropylene component. Nucleation half times, nucleation densities, and spherulite growth rates are influenced by the presence of the copolymer. It is found that SEBS, depending on its concentration in the blend, increases the adhesion between matrix and PE domains and acts simultaneously as the matrix reinforcer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 2163-2171 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The skin-core morphology of injection-molded polypropylene bars has been investigated employing X-ray small-and wide-angle scattering. The small-angle scattering has been evaluated by means of interface distribution functions. It is found that skin and core exhibit different morphologies. In the skin, the crystal lamellae are oriented primarily around the c axis, but a (small) fraction of a*-axis-oriented lamellae also exists. The lamellar thickness in the skin layer measured from the meridional small-angle X-ray scattering shows higher values than in the core. The composition of the monoclinic α1, α2 crystal modifications show dependencies that are typical for the cooling conditions in the mold during injection. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 120 (1984), S. 193-197 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Lattice parameters of the core-fibrils in annealed polypropylene/poly(1-butene) blends, crystallized from the oriented melt, have been measured.The unit-cell parameters for pure PP and PB-1 agree well with literature values, while in the blends a lattice expansion is measured: the lattice spacings of both components increase with decreasing concentration of the respective second component.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 119 (1983), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The lateral thickness of the polypropylene core crystals in oriented polypropylene (PP)/poly-1-butene (PB-1), blends has been determined by an analysis of the x-ray wide angle scattering. The core crystal thickness decreases with decreasing polypropylene weight fraction from ca. 300 Å (weight average) or 400 Å (number average) to approximately 100 Å. Mixed crystals, where PP and PB-1 chains are solidified, cannot be found. The change of needle thickness with PP-concentration explains the melting point depression that had been measured on the same set of samples. The lattice distortions increase slightly with decreasing PP content. They appear concentrated primarily within a lateral boundary layer, whose thickness is only slightly depended on the core crystal thickness.
    Notes: Die laterale Dicke der Polypropylen-Nadelkristalle in orientierten Blends aus Poly-propylen (PP) und Poly-I-buten (PB-1) wurde durch eine Analyse der Röntgenweitwinkelstreuung bestimmt. Die Nadeldicke nimmt von ca. 300 Å (Gewichtsmittel) bzw. 400 Å (Zahlenmittel) mit abnehmendem Polypropylenanteil auf ca. 100 Å ab. Mischkristalle, in denen sowohl PP- als auch PB-1-Ketten kristallisieren, werden nicht gefunden. Die Änderung der Nadeldicken mit der PP-Konzentration erklärt die an den gleichen Proben gemessene Schmelzpunktsdepression. Die Gitterstörungen nehmen mit abnehmendem PP-Anteil leicht zu. Sie sind im wesentlichen innerhalb einer lateralen Grenzschicht, deren Dicke nur wenig von der Nadeldicke abhängt, konzentriert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 130 (1985), S. 155-170 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung an Legierungen von isotaktischem Polystyrol (iPS) und Poly(2,6-dimethylphenylenoxid) (PPO) wurden Strukturparameter durch Berechnung von Grenzflächenverteilungsfunktionen bestimmt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß eine Reihe von Parametern wie die mittlere Dicke von Lamellen und interlamellaren Abständen sowie die Langperiode trotz z. T. großer Unsicherheiten bei der Korrektur der experimentellen Streukurve mit großer Genauigkeit bestimmt werden können. Die aus Grenzflächenverteilungsfunktionen bestimmten Werte wurden mit Ergebnissen aus Modellstreukurvenberechnungen verglichen. Dabei stellte sich heraus, daß theoretische Berechnungen mit einem Modell, das zusätzlich zur kristallinen und amorphen Dichte die mittlere Dichte der Probe berücksichtigt, im wesentlichen dieselben Parameter liefern wie die aus den Grenzflächenverteilungsfunktionen bestimmten.
    Notes: Morphological parameters of isotactic polystyrene (iPS) · poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) (PPO) blends have been determined from measurements of the small angle X-ray scattering by calculating interface distribution functions. Applied to the compatible system iPS/PPO this method yields a number of reliable parameters such as the long period and mean thicknesses of crystal lamellae and interlamellar spacings. A comparison of the results obtained from the calculation of the interface distribution functions with those derived from model calculations show that theoretical calculations using the density model yield essentially the same results.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1635-1649 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) as well as small-angle light-scattering (SALS) techniques have been applied to investigate the microstructure of a number of commercial poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples. From the wide-angle x-ray scattering, crystallinity and crystal size parameters have been determined. The crystallinity of the samples investigated range from 5% to 10%. Superstructure parameters such as crystallite thickness, distribution functions of crystallite and amorphous thicknesses, and size of ordered regions have been obtained by an analysis of the SAXS curves using the cluster model. The crystallinity agrees well with the WAXS crystallinities indicating that most of the crystals are lamellar shaped, though some rodlike entities are present in the sample as is shown by the small-angle light scattering. From the SAXS analysis, the microstructure is described as clusters of lamella stacks which are identical with the subprimary particles. Their size is determined to be 220-240 Å. Emulsion type PVC also contains lamellar-shaped crystals. The superstructure, however, of this type of PVC is different from that of mass or suspension-polymerized material. The SAXS curve does not reveal any correlation between the crystals.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 45 (1994), S. 424-429 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The epitaxial crystallization of trans-polyoctenylene (TOR) on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in thin iPP/TOR films in the concentration range from neat iPP to a 50/50 wt.% blend has been investigated by X-ray analysis of annealed and unannealed samples. Due to the big differences of the melting temperatures of the two components, epitaxial growth of TOR lamellae on polypropylene can already be observed in unannealed samples. The TOR lamellae show rotational symmetry relative to the c-vector of the PP, and it can be shown that the (110)-TOR plane is the contact plane to the polypropylene crystals. The TOR lamellae make an angle of 40° with the PP lamellae. Tilt angles were determined both experimentally and theoretically. The calculated angles are Φ111PP = 49.3° and Φ010TOR = 43.1°.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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