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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nest surface hydrocarbons facilitate nestmate recognition for the social wasp,Polistes metricus Say (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 857-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: nestmate recognition ; nest surface hydrocarbons ; Polistes metricus ; Vespidae ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nestmate recognition was observed inPolistes metricus Say workers only if the workers were exposed to their nest surface hydrocarbons after eclosion. If the newly emerged workers were never exposed to the nest hydrocarbons as adults, they showed no discrimination between nestmates and nonnestmates. Furthermore, the newly emerged workers were accepted more readily by their experienced nestmates than by experienced nonnestmates only if the newly emerged wasps had been exposed to the nest surface hydrocarbons. This reciprocal recognition implies that the nest recognition cues are nest surface hydrocarbons that are learned and that may be acquired byP. metricus workers as adults on the natal nest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208974
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nest paper hydrocarbons on nest and nestmate recognition in colonies ofPolistes metricus say (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 8 (1995), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: nestmate recognition ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; wasp nests ; Polistes metricus ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of nest paper hydrocarbons in nest and nestmate recognition for the social waspPolistes metricus was examined. Newly emergedP. metricus workers maintained in the laboratory spent four days alone on a fragment of nest paper that was subjected to one of the following tretments: untreated, extracted with hexane to remove surface hydrocarbons, or extracted with extract reapplied. Test wasps were returned to their natal nest with nestmates and observed for 1 h. Time spent on nest by test wasp and its behaviors were recorded. Wasps exposed to untreated and reapplied nest fragments spent an average of 34.13 and 31.75 min on their nests, respectively, while wasps from extracted fragments averaged 17.19 min. Behavior of wasps exposed to extracted paper differed significantly from wasps exposed to paper with hydrocarbons. These results suggest that exposure to nest paper hydrocarbons is important for both nest and nestmate recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990972
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface lipids of social waspPolistes melricus say and its nest and nest pedicel and their relation to nestmate recognition (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2229-2241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polistes metricus ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; social wasps ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; nestmate recognition ; nest pedicel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In eight replicate laboratory tests wherePolistes metricus adults were allowed to choose between their own nest, a second nest, and neither nest, they selected their own nest 66% of the observed time. When the surface hydrocarbons had been extracted from the nests, the wasps chose their own nest only 8% of the time, but after the hydrocarbons were reapplied to the surface of the respective nests, they selected their own nest 47% of the time. These changes are significant. The cuticular lipids were analyzed from individualP. metricus adult females collected from 13 colonies. Surface lipids were recovered from the paper and pedicels of their nests. Eighteen hydrocarbons were identified in these lipid fractions. The major components of the wasp cuticular lipids weren-heptacosane,n-nonacosane, methylhentriacontane, and methyltritriacontane. Factor analysis revealed that extracts of pedicels are all similar in composition, while cuticle and paper extracts vary, sometimes similarly according to colony identity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026933
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and chemical examination of paper and pedicel from laboratory and field nests of the social waspPolistes metricus say (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: scanning electron microscopy ; CP/MAS [13C]NMR ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; social wasps ; Polistes metricus ; nest paper ; nest pedicel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure and chemical composition of paper and pedicel from nests ofPolistes metricus that were constructed in the laboratory from known building material were compared to paper and pedicel from nests constructed in the field. Scanning electron micrographs showed the addition of a gluelike secretion from the wasp to the construction material. Solid-state [13C]NMR, elemental analyses, and amino acid analyses indicate that this secretion is a silklike protein with serine, glycine, alanine, and proline comprising 65–73% of the identified residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997166
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular lipid profiles of queens, workers, and males of social waspPolistes metricus say are colony-specific (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2307-2321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polistes metricus ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; discriminant analysis ; nestmate recognition ; social wasps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular lipids ofPolistes metricus queens, workers and males from seven laboratory-maintained colonies were extracted and analyzed by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Males had higher proportions of alkenes (20.5%) in their cuticular lipids than did queens (2.3%) or workers (7.7%). Discriminant analyses of the cuticular lipid profiles of the adult wasps showed that males group separately from females. Additional analyses showed that queens group with their respective workers by colony and that queens group even more closely with males by colony. The most distinct groupings occurred with workers only by colony and with males only by colony. Stepwise discriminant analyses showed that each type of grouping was dependent upon a different combination of cuticular lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface lipids of the social waspPolistes annularis (L.) and its nest and nest pedicel (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1841-1852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polistes annularis ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; defensive mechanisms ; necrophoric behavior ; nest pedicel ; social wasps ; wasps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cuticular lipids were recovered fromPolistes annularis workers and characterized by combined gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. These lipids were found to be straight-chain and methyl-branched hydrocarbons with the major components being 13,17-dimethylhentriacontane (18%), 3-methyl-nonacosane (13%), and 3-methylheptacosane (11%). Cuticular lipids with a very similar composition were found on the surface of the larvae, eggs, and adult males ofPolistes annularis as well as on the surface of the nest and nest pedicel of the wasp. Hexadecanoic acid and octadecenoic acid were also found on the surface of the nest pedicel and these acids and/or the hydrocarbons may play a defensive role for the wasps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020498
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of pedicel, paper, and larval silk from nest ofPolistes annularis (L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3467-3477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: CP/MAS [13C]NMR ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; social wasps ; Polistes annularis ; nest pedicel ; nest paper ; larval silk ; scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pedicel, nest paper, and larval silk ofPolistes annularis nests were analyzed by high-resolution solid-state [13C]NMR. The pedicel was found to have a high nitrogen content (11%), and the NMR spectra indicated that it is a mixture of carbohydrate and protein. The pedicel protein has an amino acid composition that is very rich in glycine, alanine, serine, and proline (67% of identified residues), similar to that of some insect silks. Solid-state [13C]NMR indicated that the nest paper is composed predominantly of cellulose. Silk, spun by matureP. annularis larvae, was shown by [13C] NMR and amino acid analysis to be a protein very high in serine and alanine (53%), but the amino acid composition is distinct from that of the pedicel protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discriminant analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons of social waspPolistes exclamans viereck and surface hydrocarbons of its nest paper and pedicel (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 785-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polistes exclamans ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; discriminant analysis ; nest pedicel ; nestmate recognition ; social wasps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The articular lipids were analyzed from individualPolistes exclamans workers collected from 10 nests. Surface lipids were also recovered from the paper and pedicels of these nests. Twenty-two hydrocarbons were identified in these lipid fractions. The major components of the wasp cuticular lipids weren-heptacosane,n-nonacosane, methylhentriacontane, and methyltritriacontane. Discriminant analysis of the hydrocarbon profiles of the adult wasps showed that the wasps group together according to their respective colonies. Several colonies from the same geographical location clustered more closely together than colonies from diverse locations. The nest papers and pedicels did not group with the wasps from their respective colonies, but the nest papers clustered together separately, as did the nest pedicels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994615
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular hydrocarbons of the paper wasp,Polistes fuscatus: A search for recognition pheromones (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1677-1687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polistes fuscatus ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; discriminant function analysis ; nestmate recognition ; social wasps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular chemicals of 124 individual wasps (foundresses and workers) from 23 colonies ofPolistes fuscatus were analyzed. The compounds identified, all of which were hydrocarbons, were similar to those of other vespid wasps in that the bulk of the hydrocarbons were 23–33 carbons in chain length. However, the hydrocarbon profile ofP. fuscatus differed from those of its congeners in its proportions of straight-chain alkanes, methylalkanes, and alkenes. Three of the 20 identified hydrocarbons, 13- and 15-MeC31, 11,15- and 13,17-diMeC31, and 13-, 15-, and 17-MeC33, had properties postulated for recognition pheromones: colony specificity, efficacy in assigning wasps to the appropriate colony, heritability, lack of differences between foundresses and workers, and distinctive stereochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059889
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notiz zur einfachen Darstellung von Carbonsäurechloriden und -fluoriden (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 98 (1965), S. 1003-1004 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19650980350
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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