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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of endogenous histamine in the hypothalamus of anaesthetized cats and conscious, freely moving rabbits (1982)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 321 (1982), S. 282-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Release of endogenous histamine ; Hypothalamus ; Cat ; Freely moving rabbit ; Electrical stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamus of anaesthetized cats and conscious, freely moving rabbits was superfused with CSF through double-walled, push-pull cannulae and the release of endogenous histamine was determined in the superfusates by a radioenzymatic assay. In the posterior hypothalamic area of the anaesthetized cat, the rate of release of endogenous histamine varied rhythmically; phases of high rate of release appeared at 60 min cycles. The release of histamine was increased by electrical stimulation of the superfused area, as well as by hypothalamic superfusion with potassium-rich CSF. In the conscious rabbit, the anterior hypothalamic area and the posterior hypothalamic nucleus were superfused simultaneously. In both regions, the resting release of histamine varied rhythmically at approximately 70 min cycles. Phases of high or low-rate of release in the anterior hypothalamic area coincided with the corresponding phases in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus. The rhythmic release of endogenous histamine in the hypothalamus, as well as the ability of depolarizing stimuli to enhance the release of the amine support the idea that histamine acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498514
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of short-lasting and long-lasting blood pressure changes on the release of endogenous catecholamines in the hypothalamus of the conscious, freely moving rabbit (1983)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 322 (1983), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Endogenous catecholamines ; Push-pull cannula ; Rhythmic release ; Blood pressure ; Hypothalamus ; Conscious rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized rabbits guide cannulae were stereotaxically inserted into the anterior hypothalamic area and into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus. Additionally, catheters were inserted into the carotid artery and the jugular vein. Some days after the operation push-pull cannulae were inserted through the guide cannulae into the hypothalamic regions of the conscious, freely moving animal. The areas were superfused with artificial CSF and the release of the endogenous catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline was determined in the superfusates. In the two hypothalamic regions the resting release of the catecholamines rhythmically varied with time at approximately 70 min cycles. A rise in blood pressure induced by the intravenous injection of noradrenaline or tramazoline enhanced the rates of release of the catecholamines in the anterior hypothalamic area. A fall of blood pressure elicited by the intravenous injection of nitroprusside or chlorisondamine decreased the release of the catecholamines in this hypothalamic area. The changes in blood pressure coincided with the changes in the rates of release of the catecholamines in the anterior hypothalamic area. These and previous results concerning changes in the release of endogenous catecholamines in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus also indicate that in the conscious, freely moving rabbit changes in blood pressure lead to counteracting alterations in the release of catecholamines in the two hypothalamic regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500766
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 6 (1977), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; electrolytes ; mixed ; Harned coefficients ; hydrochloric acid ; mixed electrolyte solutions ; sodium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electromotive-force measurements of the cell $$Pt;H_2 \left( {g,1{\text{ }}atm} \right)|HCl\left( {{\text{m}}_A } \right),NaCl\left( {{\text{m}}_B } \right)|AgCl;Ag$$ have been made at temperatures between 5 and 45°C at values ofm A+m B of 0.1, 0.3809, 0.6729, and 0.8720 mole-kg−1. The activity coefficients of HCl in HCl/NaCl mixtures and the Harned coefficients α12 have been obtained. The change of α12 with total molality is consistent with the existence of binary interactions between H+ and Na+ ions. The linear variation of the relative partial molal heat content with the fraction of NaCl in the mixture suggests that an analog of the Harned rule exists for this thermodynamic quantity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645511
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The temperature variation of the Harned coefficient in the system HCl−NaCl (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 9 (1980), S. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; electrolytes ; mixed ; Harned coefficient ; hydrochloric acid ; mixed electrolyte solutions ; sodium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Harned coefficient measures the effect of an added electrolyte on the activity coefficient of another electrolyte. It is composite, depending partly on properties of solutions containing only one electrolyte and partly on the magnitude of a coefficient characteristic of interaction between two like charged ions in the mixed electrolyte solution. From the meager data available, the latter coefficient depends little upon temperature. The consequences of assuming temperature independence are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647734
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvation equilibria in very concentrated electrolyte solutions (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 2 (1973), S. 173-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Calcium bromide ; calcium chloride ; hydration of ions ; hydrochloric acid ; lithium bromide ; lithium chloride ; osmotic coefficient ; perchloric acid ; potassium hydroxide ; sodium chloride ; sodium hydroxide ; solvation of ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A stepwise hydration-equilibrium model for aqueous electrolytes is developed and shown to give a good quantitative account of osmotic coefficients of strong, highly soluble electrolytes up to concentrations of 20–30 m. The main parameters needed are two equilibrium constants describing the stepwise hydration and the number of hydration sites. Choice of ion-size parameter has only a minor effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00651972
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isopiestic measurements on aqueous mixtures of sodium chloride and strontium chloride (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 7 (1978), S. 339-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Isopiestic ; sodium chloride ; strontium chloride ; salt mixtures ; mixed electrolytes ; Pitzer theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Isopiestic measurements have been made on NaCl−SrCl2 mixtures at 25°C over the ionic strength range 0.6–6 mole-kg−1. The results are interpreted in terms of current mixed-electrolyte treatments. The mixing behavior in this system is comparatively simple, but the Pitzer treatment is still clearly superior to the other treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662894
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