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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: field bean ; green manure ; mesh bag ; N cycling ; N loss ; N-15 ; red clover ; subterranean clover ; timothy ; white clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Release of N, retention in soil, availability to a subsequent crop and total recovery of N derived from different15N-labelled plant materials decomposing in soil was investigated in two field experiments. In the first experiment five different plant species (white clover, red clover, subterranean clover, field bean and timothy) and in the second subterranean clover of different maturity (2,3 and 4 months old) were buried in mesh bags in the soil and allowed to decompose for 10 and 4 months, respectively. Most of the N released from the decaying plant materials was retained in the soil (27–46% of input). The subsequent crop (barley) took up 6–25% of input. The uptake correlated with the amount of N released from the decomposing material (r=0.936*, I experiment). Similar amounts of subterranean clover N were taken up by barley regardless to whether the material was buried in soil in the previous autumn or just before sowing of the crop. At the end of the experiments, the total recovery of the introduced plant-derived N varied between 89 and 102%. The results present evidence that the ability of the soil to retain plant-derived N is strong in comparison with the ability of the subsequent crop and different loss mechanisms to remove it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; decomposition ; fertilization ; green manure ; liming ; N-budget ; N-release ; 15N ; red clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Red clover material labelled with15N was confined in mesh bags and buried into microplots in October at two field sites in Sourthern Finland. The soils (Kettula silt loam and Långvik loam) contained in the microplots were previously limed and fertilized with PK (N was given in next May) in different combinations. The following May the microplots were sown with barley and after the barley had been harvested (that August) soil samples and the mesh bags were removed. The crop, mesh bags and soil were then analysed for15N content. The soil treatments did not affect the release of clover N from the mesh bags and only slightly its retention in Kettula silt loam. The dry mass of barley obtained responded strongly to the different soil treatments. In comparison, the uptake of clover N by the barley varied much less; in Kettula silt loam a 1.6 fold increase in barley dry mass did not affect its content of clover N (12–13% of input) and in Långvik loam a ten fold increase in barley dry mass yield corresponded to a three fold increase of the content of clover N (5–16%). The total recovery of clover N (clover N in soil+mesh bags+barley harvest) was almost independent of the soil treatment; in Kettula silt loam and Långvik loam being respectively 52–56% and 71–85% of the input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 105 (1988), S. 149-152 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: C release ; liming ; mesh bag ; Nitrogen ; N release ; red clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Red clover root material confined in mesh bags was buried in three different limed and unlimed soils and incubated for 196 days at room temperature. Remaining amounts of organic matter, as well as concentrations of C and N of the decomposing material were determined three times during the incubation and finally the concentration of soil mineral N and pH of remaining roots was also assessed. Liming only temporarily affected the decomposition rate of organic matter and N release, and at the end of the incubation no effects could be observed due to liming. A possible explanation is that the decomposing root residues provide a well buffered micro-environment for the decomposing microflora. Liming did not change the pH of the root residues even when 97–98% of dry mass had disappeared from the mesh bags. Concentrations of mineral N were higher in limed than in unlimed soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bases, concave / Protonation, regioselective / Nef reaction / aci-Nitro compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intramolecular competition for C- or O-protonation of the nitronate anion 5a is determined by sterical factors and by the [EtOH⊕2] concentration. The product of the Nef reaction 6 is formed in buffered, non-acidic media when the proton donors are sterically hindered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 643-645 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Concave base / Macrocycle / 1,10-Phenanthroline / Cyclophane / Aryl lithium compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The addition of lithium aryls 3 to 1,10-phenanthroline (2), functionalization of the rearomatized bisadduct 8b to the tetraphenol 8d, and cyclization of 8d with two equivalents of an α,ω-ditosylate 9 led to a highly symmetrical, conformer-free bimacrocyclic 1,10-phenanthroline 10a in which the basic and coordinating region possesses a concave shielding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Isocyanide ; Rearrangement ; Sweetener ; Cycloalkanecarboxylic Acid ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Use of the Isonitrile-Nitrile Rearrangement for the Synthesis of 2,2,5,5-Tetramethylcyclopentanecarboxylic Acid, a Building Block for Sweeteners on the Basis of Amino Acids1)2,2,5,5-Tetramethylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid (7) was synthesized in four steps from 2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanone (3). The key step of the reaction is the gas-phase rearrangement of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentyl isocyanide (5) to 2,2,5,5-tetra-methylcyclopentanecarbonitrile (6), which is hydrolyzed to 7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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