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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14)
  • Inotropic effects  (2)
  • NMR imaging  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 310 (1979), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Nifedipine ; Cat papillary muscle ; Inotropic effects ; Structure-activity relationship ; Hansch analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The effects on contractile activity of 2 series of nifedipine-derivatives were investigated in isolated, isotonically contracting cat papillary muscles. 2. For structure-activity studies the lipophilicity of all compounds was determined by means of reversed phase thin-layer chromatography. 3. Neither the ortho-NO2 group in a series of arylderivatives nor the methyl-esters in a series of esterderivatives were found to be essential for the typical effect of the nifedipine molecule on myocardial contractility. 4. Generally ortho-substituted derivatives induce a greater negative inotropic activity than meta-substituted derivatives. Para-substituted derivatives are the least active compounds. 5. In the group of ester-derivatives activity decreases when lipophilicity and/or volume of the substituent increases. 6. The quantitative analysis (Hansch analysis) revealed significant correlations between the negative inotropic effect and steric substituent parameters. Best correlations were obtained with: i) the minimum width, B 1 (ortho-substituted derivatives); ii) the van der Waals volume, V w (ester-substituted derivatives); iii) the experimentally or theoretically determined lipophilicity, R M or π, respectively (ester-derivatives). 7. It is concluded that-within a group of nifedipine derivatives-the negative inotropic effect depends mainly on steric and on lipophilic and/or steric substituent properties for aryl- and ester-derivatives, respectively. Electronic influences are not important for the biological activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 23 (1982), S. 231-240 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: NMR imaging ; Brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basic features of an NMR imaging system are outlined and three pulse sequences which produce images with varying dependence on proton density T1 and T2 are described. The first of these sequences, Repeated Free Induction Decay produces images which demonstrate changes in proton density as well as flow effects. The second sequence, Inversion-recovery, produces images which are dependent on T1 and show a high level of grey, white matter contrast giving considerable anatomical detail. In addition pathological processes such as infarction, haemorrhage, demyelination and malignancy produce changes in T1 enabling lesions to be localised. The third sequence, Spin-echo, produces images which are dependent on T2. These show very little grey, white matter contrast but demonstrate acute and space occupying lesions as well as cerebral oedema. The high level of grey, white matter contrast, lack of bone artefact, variety of sequences, capacity for multiplanar imaging, sensitivity to pathological change and lack of known hazard make NMR an important addition to existing techniques of neurological diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 25 (1983), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: NMR imaging ; anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of NMR inversion-recovery (IR) sequences to demonstrate brain anatomy is illustrated. The high level of grey-white matter contrast is of value in localising anatomical structures and demonstrating myelination during childhood. While the resemblance of IR scans to gross anatomical sections in different planes is close, it is limited by the spatial resolution of the NMR scanner, artefacts and partial volume effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 302 (1978), S. 217-226 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Verapamil ; Inotropic effects ; Cat papillary muscle ; Structure-activity relation ; Hansch analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An investigation was carried out towards a qualitative and quantitative structure-activity relationship of verapamil based on an analysis of the frequency-dependent negative inotropic action exerted in cat papillary muscles by various groups of verapamil derivatives. (1) Substituents of the benzene ring near the asymmetric carbon atom and the isopropyl group were found to be no essential substituents for the frequency-dependent negative inotropic acition of verapamil but to have a strong influence on the potency of the drug. (2) Both the tertiary amino nitrogen and the two benzene rings are essential for the frequency-dependent negative inotropic action of verapamil. (3) The molecular importance of the N-methyl group is probably based on steric effects. (4) Investigations of the verapamil derivative H 1 revealed that a quaternization of the drug is followed by a total loss of effectiveness. (5) No significant correlation of the biological activity of verapamil derivatives with the partition coefficient P has been obtained. (6) Hansch analysis with verapamil derivatives of group A (= diferent substitution of the benzene ring near C*) shows that the variance of biological activity can be optimally correlated to a combination of the Hammett constant and the molar volume. Hansch analysis of group B (= exchange of isopropyl group) led to the conclusion that hydrophobic effects are responsible for the influence of the isopropyl substituent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 4 (1966), S. 1081-1090 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies were made of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the helix-coil transitions of poly (A + U) and poly (A + 2U). The results were analyzed by a thermodynamic treatment which emphasized the cooperative aspect of the transitions. The helix-to-coil volume changes were found to be small and negative indicating pressure stabilization of the coil form. The significance of the results with respect to other denaturation measurements was discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 1411-1425 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phosphorylase kinase contains four approximately equivalent binding sites for 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (1,8-ANS). Measurements of the time decay of fluorescence anisotropy have failed to give any indication of internal degrees of rotational freedom involving a significant portion of the tertiary structure. In the presence of 1 mM Ca2+, calmodulin binds one molecule of 1,8-ANS. No binding occurs in the absence of Ca2+. The binding is strongly temperature-dependent, a decrease in binding occurring with increasing temperature. Determinations of the time decay of fluorescence anisotropy indicate the presence of internal rotations, which become more important with increasing temperature. Complex formation between phosphorylase kinase and calmodulin reduces the binding of 1,8-ANS.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 374-378 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on erosion protection of carbon-fibre-reinforced thermosetting plasticsA double layer system of polyurethane rubber and a metal foil was described by calculation and experiment. There is a significant increase in erosion resistance of a carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic component by application of this system and the experimental results correlate with theoretical estimations. Among the investigated materials surface layers of titanium and a titanium aluminium alloy respectively possess the best resistance in the range of all angles of incidence. The polyurethane rubber also exhibits a very good erosion behaviour under conditions of normal impact as well as at shallow impact angles at room temperature. So the rubber takes care of a good emergency running quality after a destruction of the metal foil. It was found that the relative erosion rate of the protective metal layer decreases with increasing thickness of the rubber. A thickness of about 0,5-0,7 mm of the protective metal layer is sufficient in practice. The titanium foil should have a thickness of about 100-200 m̈m for the design life because if the metal foil is too weak it will undergo destruction rather fast under laboratory conditions. There is no change of the well-known erosion mechanisms with the formation of walls around the places of normal impacts as well as grooving and machining at shallow impact angles by application of the double layer system. An increase in temparature up to 80 °C doesn't cause any change of the erosion rate of the investigated metal foils in the double layer system but will influence the erosion of the polyurethane rubber alone. The galvanic deposition of nickel is another way for the use of the double layer system especially for components with a complex geometric shape.
    Notes: Das mittels Berechnung und Experiment vorgestellte Doppelschichtsystem aus PUR-Elastomer und Metallfolie erhöht den Erosionswiderstand eines CFK-Bauteils um ein bis zwei Größenordnungen, wobei die experimentellen Ergebnisse mit der theoretischen Abschätzung zur Schutzschicht korrelieren. Unter den Untersuchten Werkstoffen besitzen Oberflächenschichten aus Titan und einer Ti-Al-Legierung die beste Erosionsbeständigkeit über alle Winkelbereiche. Das PUR-Elastomer weist ebenfalls vor allem im Prallstrahlbereich sowie auch im Gleitstrahlbereich bein Raumtemperatur ein sehr gutes Erosionsverhalten auf und garantiert damit gute Notlaufeigenschaften bei einer eventuellen Zerstörung der Metallfolie. Die relative Erosionsrate der Metallschutzschicht verringert sich mit zunehmender Elastomerschichtdicke, wobei ca. 0,5-0,7 mm Schichtdicke praktisch ausreichend sind. Die Titanfolie sollte für die angestrebte Lebensdauer eine Dicke von ca. 100-200 m̈m aufweisen, da zu dünne Metallfolie im Laborversuch relativ schnell zerrüttet wird. Die REM-Aufnahmen der erodierten Deckschichten zeigen, daß sich durch die Doppelschicht PUR-Elastomer/Metallfolie die bekannten Erosionsmechanismen mit Wallbildung um die Einschläge bei 90% und Furchung bzw. Zerspanung bei kleinen Strahlwinkeln nicht verändern. Eine Temperaturerhöhung bis auf 80 °C bewirkte keine veränderung der Erosionsrate der untersuchten Metallfolien im Doppelschichtsystem, jedoch wird die Erosion der PUR-Elastomerschicht beeinflußt. Alternativ aufgebrachte, galvanisch abgeschiedene Nickelschichten ermöglichen die Nutzung des Doppelschichtsystems auch für geometrisch komplizierte Bauteile.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1465-1474 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is developed for computing the equilibrium constants for the association of two different monomers from weight-average molecular weight data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 547-563 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivatives of calmodulin have been prepared in which tyrosine-99 and tyrosine-138 have been converted to their aminotyrosine derivatives. Significant changes in microenvironment occur in the presence of Ca2+. Both groups have a significant degree of mobility with respect to the protein matrix; this is Ca2+ dependent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 4 (1966), S. 999-1014 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relaxation time of thyroglobulin has been determined in water at. neutral pH, in concentrated urea and guanidine solutions, at alkaline pH, both before and after reduction with β-mercaptoethanol. The structure of thyroglobulin in concentrated urea solutions is markedly affected by the pH, Time-dependent changes occur in thyroglobulin in concentrated urea or guanidine solutions which arc observable by polarization of fluorescence but not by optical rotation or viscosity. The reduction of the disulfide crosslinks of thyroglobulin in urea at high pH or in guanidine produces linear polypeptide chains with few if any permanent contacts between segments.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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