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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin-like growth factor-I in man enhances lipid mobilization and oxidation induced by a growth hormone pulse (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 961-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Substrate oxidation ; energy expenditure ; lipolysis ; ketogenesis ; “dawn” phenomenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Growth hormone (GH) secretion is suppressed during insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) administration. The aim of the study was to examine whether IGF-I alters the metabolic response to a GH pulse. Seven healthy male subjects (age 27±4 years, BMI 21.8±1.7 kg/m2) were treated with NaCl 0.9% (saline) or IGF-I (8 Μg · kg−1 · h−1) for 5 days by continuous subcutaneous infusion in a randomized, crossover fashion while receiving an isocaloric diet (30 kcal · kg−1 · day−1). On the third treatment day an intravenous bolus of 0.5 U GH was administered. Forearm muscle metabolism was examined by measuring arterialized and deep venous blood samples, forearm blood flow by occlusion plethysmography and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry. IGF-I treatment significantly reduced insulin concentrations by 80% (p〈0.02) and C-peptide levels by 78% (p〈0.02), as assessed by area under the curve. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glycerol and 3-OH-butyrate levels were elevated and alanine concentration decreased. Forearm blood flow rose from 2.10±0.43 (saline) to 2.79±0.37 ml · 100ml−1 · min−1 (IGF-I) (p〈0.02). GH-pulse: 10 h after i.v. GH injection serum GH peaked at 40.9±7.4 ng/ml. GH did not influence circulating levels of total IGFI, C-peptide, insulin or glucose, but caused a further increase in NEFA, glycerol and 3-OH-butyrate levels, indicating enhanced lipolysis and ketogenesis. This effect of GH was much more pronounced during IGF-I: NEFA rose from 702±267 (saline) and 885±236 (IGF-I) to 963±215 (saline) (p〈0.05) and 1815±586 Μmol/l (IGF-I) (p〈0.02), respectively; after 5 h, 3-OH-butyrate rose from 242±234 (saline) and 340±280 (IGF-I) to 678±638 (saline) (p〈0.02) and 1115±578 Μmol/l (IGF-I) (p〈0.02) respectively. After injection of GH, forearm uptake of 3-OH-butyrate was markedly elevated only in the subjects treated with IGF-I: from 44±195 to 300±370 after 20 min (p〈0.03) and to 287±91 nmol · 100 ml−1 · min−1after 120 min (p〈0.02). In conclusion, the lipolytic and ketogenic response to GH was grossly enhanced during IGF-I treatment, and utilization of ketone bodies by skeletal muscle was increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403916
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin-like growth factor-I in man enhances lipid mobilization and oxidation induced by a growth hormone pulse (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 961-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Substrate oxidation ; energy expenditure ; lipolysis ; ketogenesis ; “dawn” phenomenon.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Growth hormone (GH) secretion is suppressed during insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) administration. The aim of the study was to examine whether IGF-I alters the metabolic response to a GH pulse. Seven healthy male subjects (age 27 ± 4 years, BMI 21.8 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were treated with NaCl 0.9 % (saline) or IGF-I (8 μg · kg–1· h–1) for 5 days by continuous subcutaneous infusion in a randomized, crossover fashion while receiving an isocaloric diet (30 kcal · kg–1· day–1). On the third treatment day an intravenous bolus of 0.5 U GH was administered. Forearm muscle metabolism was examined by measuring arterialized and deep venous blood samples, forearm blood flow by occlusion plethysmography and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry. IGF-I treatment significantly reduced insulin concentrations by 80 % (p 〈 0.02) and C-peptide levels by 78 % (p 〈 0.02), as assessed by area under the curve. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glycerol and 3-OH-butyrate levels were elevated and alanine concentration decreased. Forearm blood flow rose from 2.10 ± 0.43 (saline) to 2.79 ± 0.37 ml · 100ml–1· min–1 (IGF-I) (p 〈 0.02). GH-pulse: 10 h after i. v. GH injection serum GH peaked at 40.9 ± 7.4 ng/ml. GH did not influence circulating levels of total IGF-I, C-peptide, insulin or glucose, but caused a further increase in NEFA, glycerol and 3-OH-butyrate levels, indicating enhanced lipolysis and ketogenesis. This effect of GH was much more pronounced during IGF-I: NEFA rose from 702 ± 267 (saline) and 885 ± 236 (IGF-I) to 963 ± 215 (saline) (p 〈 0.05) and 1815 ± 586 μmol/l (IGF-I) (p 〈 0.02), respectively; after 5 h, 3-OH-butyrate rose from 242 ± 234 (saline) and 340 ± 280 (IGF-I) to 678 ± 638 (saline) (p 〈 0.02) and 1115 ± 578 μmol/l (IGF-I) (p 〈 0.02) respectively. After injection of GH, forearm uptake of 3-OH-butyrate was markedly elevated only in the subjects treated with IGF-I: from 44 ± 195 to 300 ± 370 after 20 min (p 〈 0.03) and to 287 ± 91 nmol · 100 ml–1· min–1after 120 min (p 〈 0.02). In conclusion, the lipolytic and ketogenic response to GH was grossly enhanced during IGF-I treatment, and utilization of ketone bodies by skeletal muscle was increased. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 961–969]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403916
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo insulin action and muscle glycogen synthase activity in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: effects of diet treatment (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 777-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin resistance ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; hyperinsulinaemic clamp ; indirect calorimetry ; forearm glucose uptake ; muscle ; glycogen synthase ; insulin receptor kinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin resistant glucose metabolism is a key element in the pathogenesis of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance may be of both primary (genetic) and secondary (metabolic) origin. Before and after diet-induced improvement of glycaemic control seven obese patients with newly-diagnosed Type 2 diabetes were studied with the euglycaemic clamp technique in combination with indirect calorimetry and forearm glucose balance. Muscle biopsies were obtained in the basal state and again after 3 h of hyperinsulinaemia (200 mU/l) for studies of insulin receptor and glycogen synthase activities. Similar studies were performed in seven matched control subjects. Insulin-stimulated glucose utilization improved from 110±11 to 183±23 mg·m−2·min−1 (p〈0.03); control subjects: 219+23 mg·m−2·min−1 (p=NS, vs post-diet Type 2 diabetes). Nonoxidative glucose disposal increased from 74±17 to 138+19 mg·m−2·min−1 (p〈0.03), control subjects: 159±22 mg· m−2·m−1 (p=NS, vs post-diet Type 2 diabetic patients). Forearm blood glucose uptake during hyperinsulinaemia increased from 1.58±0.54 to 3.35±0.23 μmol·l−1·min−1 (p〈0.05), control subjects: 2.99±0.86 μmol·l−1·min−1 (p=NS, vs post-diet Type 2 diabetes). After diet therapy the increase in insulin sensitivity correlated with reductions in fasting plasma glucose levels (r=0.97, p〈0.001), reductions in serum fructosamine (r=0.77, p〈0.05), and weight loss (r=0.78, p〈0.05). Values of muscle glycogen synthase sensitivity to glucose 6-phosphate (A0.5 for glucose 6-phosphate) were similar in the basal state. However, insulin stimulation of glycogen synthase was more pronounced after diet treatment (A0.5: 0.43±0.06 (before) vs 0.30±0.04 mmol/l (after); p〈0.03; control subjects: 0.22±0.03 mmol/l). Muscle insulin receptor binding and kinase activity were similar before and after diet treatment and comparable to values in the control group. The data suggest that impaired insulin stimulation of in vivo glucose turn-over and muscle glycogen synthase activity tend to be restored during successful diet treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429100
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure and its association with aerobic work capacity (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin resistance ; hyperinsulinaemia ; glucose tolerance ; chronic renal failure ; aerobic work capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue sensitivity to insulin and aerobic work capacity was measured in patients with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure. Twenty-nine non-diabetic patients with a glomerular filtration rate of 25 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2 (11–43) (median, range) and 15 sex, age, and body mass index matched control subjects with normal renal function were studied. Fasting blood glucose was comparable and in the non-diabetic range in the two groups as was the oral glucose tolerance test. Patients demonstrated hyperinsulinaemia both during fasting (p〈0.01) and during the test (p〈0.02). The tissue sensitivity to insulin, expressed by the amount of glucose infused during the last 60 min of a 120-min hyperinsulinaemia euglycaemic clamp (M-value) and the M/I ratio, was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (M-value 404±118 vs 494±85 mg glucose/kg body weight, p〈0.02) (M/I ratio 1.77±0.71 vs 2.57±0.70 (mg/(kgBW·min) per pmol/l·100, p〈0.001). The maximal aerobic work capacity was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (24±8 vs 32±11 ml O2/(kg body weight·min), p〈0.02) and positively correlated to the M-value and the M/I ratio in both groups. In conclusion, not only patients with end-stage chronic renal failure but also those with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure are insulin resistant and hyperinsulinaemic. The tissue sensitivity to insulin is correlated to the maximal aerobic work capacity suggesting that these patients might benefit from physical training programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400725
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-four-hour insulin secretion rates, circulating concentrations of fuel substrates and gut incretin hormones in healthy offspring of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic parents: evidence of several aberrations (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1314-1323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Prediabetes ; physiological approach ; 24-h profile ; glucose ; insulin ; insulin secretion ; proinsulin ; non-esterified fatty acids ; gut incretin hormones ; intermediary metabolites.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Insulin resistance is a common feature in relatives of patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and abnormalities in beta-cell function can also exist. Insight into non-fasting carbohydrate metabolism in these potentially prediabetic subjects relies almost exclusively on studies in which glucose is infused or ingested or both. We aimed to characterize insulin secretion and aspects of hormonal and metabolic patterns in relatives using a physiological approach. Methods. We examined profiles of insulin, C peptide, proinsulin, gut incretin hormones and fuel substrates in 26 glucose tolerant but insulin resistant (clamp) relatives and 17 control subjects during a 24-hour period including three meals. Results. During the day plasma glucose was slightly raised in relatives (p 〈 0.05). Overall insulin secretion calculated on the basis of C peptide kinetics were increased in relatives (p 〈 0.0005) whereas incremental insulin secretion after all three meals were similar. Peak incremental insulin secretion tended, however, to be reduced in relatives (p 〈 0.10). Despite considerably increased insulin concentrations in relatives (70 %, p 〈 0.001), serum NEFA did not differ. Postprandial proinsulin concentrations (p 〈 0.05), but not proinsulin:insulin ratios, were increased in relatives. After meals concentrations of glucose-dependent-insulinotropic polypeptide (p 〈 0.05) were increased in relatives. Glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations were similar. Conclusion/interpretation. Several hormonal and metabolic aberrations are present in healthy relatives of Type II diabetic patients during conditions that simulate daily living. Increased concentrations of glucose-dependent-insulinotropic polypeptide could indicate a beta-cell receptor defect for glucose-dependent-insulinotropic polypeptide in the prediabetic stage of Type II diabetes. Incremental insulin secretion after mixed meals appear normal in relatives, although a trend towards diminished peak values possibly signifies early beta-cell dysfunction. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1314–1323]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051444
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term treatment with GLP-1 increases pulsatile insulin secretion in Type II diabetes with no effect on orderliness (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 583-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords GLP-1 ; Insulin ; pulsatility ; insulin secretion ; time series ; Type II diabetes ; human.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The enteric incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is a potent insulin secretagogue in healthy humans and patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. In this study we assessed the impact of short-term GLP-1 infusion on pulsatile insulin secretion in Type II diabetic patients. Methods. Type II diabetic patients (n = 8) were studied in a randomised cross-over design. Plasma insulin concentration time series were obtained during basal conditions and during infusion with saline or GLP-1 (1.2 pmol/l · kg–1· min–1) on 2 separate days. Plasma glucose was clamped at the initial concentration by a variable glucose infusion. Serum insulin concentration time series were evaluated by deconvolution analysis, autocorrelation analysis, spectral analysis and approximate entropy. Results. Serum insulin concentrations increased by approximately 100 % during GLP-1 infusion. Pulsatile insulin secretion was increased as measured by secretory burst mass (19.3 ± 3.8 vs 53.0 ± 10.7 pmol/l/pulse, p = 0.02) and secretory burst amplitude (7.7 ± 1.5 vs 21.1 ± 4.3 pmol/l/min, p = 0.02). A similar increase in basal insulin secretion was observed (3.6 ± 0.9 vs 10.2 ± 2.2 pmol/l/min, p = 0.004) with no changes in the fraction of insulin delivered in pulses (0.50 ± 0.06 vs 0.49 ± 0.02, p = 0.84). Regularity of secretion was unchanged as measured by spectral analysis (normalised spectral power: 5.9 ± 0.6 vs 6.3 ± 0.8, p = 0.86), autocorrelation analysis (autocorrelation coefficient: 0.19 ± 0.04 vs 0.18 ± 0.05, p = 0.66) and the approximate entropy statistic (1.48 ± 0.02 vs 1.51 ± 0.02, p = 0.86). Conclusion/interpretation. Short-term stimulation with GLP-1 jointly increases pulsatile and basal insulin secretion, maintaining but not improving system regularity in Type II diabetic patients. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 583–588]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051347
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