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  • Rhizobium  (6)
  • Iron  (1)
  • Microenvironment  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of glass microbeads on growth, activity and morphological changes of Bacillus megaterium (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 101 (1974), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacillus megaterium ; Magnesium ; Microbeads ; Microenvironment ; Particle Effects ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells of Bacillus megaterium growing in the presence of glass microbeads with average diameters of 29 and 53 μm were frequently filamentous and sometimes reached lengths of 600 μm. Some of the filaments were nonseptate. The formation of filaments was prevented by magnesium but not by several other cations. In media with supplemental magnesium, the time required before active proliferation commenced was inversely related to the diameter of the particles. B. megaterium growing in media with the smaller size beads consumed oxygen and utilized glucose at greater rates than bacteria in media with the larger spheres or in bead-free solutions, and the uptake of oxygen was maintained for a longer period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455923
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the survival and growth of bacteria introduced into lake water (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 320-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Escherichia ; Klebsiella ; Lake water ; Micrococcus ; Multiplication ; Protozoa ; Pseudomonas ; Rhizobium ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The populations of Pseudomonas sp. B4, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus flavus, and Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli declined rapidly in lake water. The initially rapid decline of the two pseudomonads and R. phaseoli was followed by a period of slow loss of viability, but viable cells of the other species were not found after 10 days. The rapid initial phase of decline was not a result of Bdellovibrio spp., bacteriophages, or toxins in the water since Bdellovibrio spp. were not present and passage of the lake water through filters that should not have removed bacteriophages or soluble toxins led to the elimination of the rapid phase of decline. The addition of 250 μg of cycloheximide and 30 μg of nystatin per ml eliminated viable protozoa form the lake water, and the population of Pseudomonas sp. B4 did not fall and the decline of E. coli and K. pneumoniae was delayed or slowed under these conditions. Pseudomonas sp. L2 proliferated rapidly in lake water amended with glucose, phosphate, and NH4NO3, but its numbers subsequently fell abruptly; however, in water amended with cycloheximide and nystatin, which killed indigenous protozoa, the population density was higher and the fall in numbers was delayed. Of the nutrients, the chief response was to carbon, but when glucose was added, phosphorus and nitrogen stimulated growth further. Removing other bacteria by filtering the lake water before inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. L2 suggested that competition reduced the extent of response of the pseudomonad to added nutrients. We suggest that the decline in lake water of bacteria that are resistant to starvation may be a result of protozoan grazing and that the extent of growth of introduced species may be limited by the supply of available carbon and sometimes of nitrogen and phosphorus, and by predation by indigenous protozoa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408301
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-inoculation with antibiotic-producing bacteria to increase colonization and nodulation by rhizobia (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 108 (1988), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: antibiotics ; biological control ; Bradyrhizobium ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to determine whether colonization of legume roots and nodulation byRhizobium meliloti andBradyrhizobium japonicum could be enhanced by using inocula containing microorganisms that produce antibiotics suppressing soil or rhizosphere inhabitants but not the root-nodule bacteria. An antibiotic-producing strain of Pseudomonas and one of Bacillus were isolated, and mutants ofR. meliloti andB. japonicum sp. resistant to the antibiotics were used. The colonization of the alfalfa rhizosphere and nodulation byR. meliloti were enhanced by inoculation of soil withPseudomonas sp. in soil initially containing 2.7×105 R. meliloti per g. The colonization of soybean roots byB. japonicum was enhanced by inoculating soil with three cell densities ofBacillus sp., and nodulation was stimulated byBacillus sp. added at two cell densities. In some tests, the dry weights of soybeans and seed yield increased as a result of these treatments, and co-inoculation with Bacillus also increased pod formation. Inoculation of seeds withBacillus sp. and the root-nodule bacterium enhanced nodulation of soybeans and alfalfa, but colonization byB. japonicum andR. meliloti was stimulated only during the early period of plant growth. Studies were also conducted withStreptomyces griseus and isolates ofR. meliloti andB. japonicum resistant to products of the actinomycete. Nodulation of alfalfa byR. meliloti was little or not affected by the actinomycete alone; however, both nodulation and colonization were enhanced if the soil was initially amended with chitin andS. griseus was also added. Chitin itself did not affectR. meliloti. Treatments of seeds with chitin orS. griseus alone did not enhance colonization of alfalfa roots byR. meliloti or soybean roots byB. japonicum, but the early colonization of the roots by both bacterial species was promoted if the seeds received both chitin andS. griseus; this treatment also increased nodulation and dry weights of alfalfa and soybeans and the N content of alfalfa. It is suggested that co-inoculation of legumes with antibiotic-producing microorganisms and root-nodule bacteria resistant to those antibiotics is a promising means of promoting nodulation and possibly nitrogen fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375651
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Procedures to enhance heat resistance of Rhizobium (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 188 (1997), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alginate ; clay ; heat resistance ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Means were sought to enhance the heat resistance of a strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli that died rapidly in soil at 43°C. Bacteria were more resistant to high temperatures in soil than broth or phosphate buffer. Starving the cells in phosphate buffer enhanced their heat resistance. Heat-resistant variants were obtained that grew at 45°C. Resistance of the parent culture to inactivation at 43°C was enhanced by immobilizing the cells in Ca alginate, amending the soil with clay or immobilization of the cells in clays. The bacteria survived better at 40°C in soil receiving montmorillonite-immobilized cells than in montmorillonite-amended soil. These results suggest that the tolerance of rhizobia to high temperatures in soils may be enhanced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004200329070
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of low pH and high Al, Mn and Fe levels on the survival ofRhizobium trifolii and the nodulation of subterranean clover (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 92 (1986), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acidity ; Aluminum ; Iron ; Manganese ; Rhizobium ; Subterranean clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects onRhizobium trifolii and the nodulation of subterranean clover of possible inhibitors associated with soil acidity were evaluated. In an inorganic salts solution in the presence of subterranean clover, the numbers ofR. trifolii increased, but the population declined at pH 4.2. Nodules were formed only at pH 4.8 and above. The bacterium grew after a lag period in a culture medium containing 75 μM Al or 100 μM FeSO4. At 150 μM Mn, the formation of nodules was not inhibited. At 200 μM Fe as an EDTA chelate,R. trifolii grew at the expense of plant excretions, but nodulation was scant. Rhizobial numbers did not increase and nodules were not formed at 500 μM Fe as the EDTA chelate or at 200 μM FeSO4. In the presence of 50 μM Al, rhizobial numbers declined around clover roots, and nodules were not formed. The data show that Al is toxic toR. trifolii growing on root excretions and that low pH and high Fe concentrations are detrimental to the formation of nodules on subterranean clover even in the presence of large numbers of rhizobia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372484
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting co-inoculation with antibiotic-producing bacteria to enhance rhizobial colonization and nodulation (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 129 (1990), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfalfa ; Bacillus ; Bradyrhizobium ; co-inoculation ; Rhizobium ; soybeans ; Streptomyces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Co-inoculation with antibiotic-producing bacteria and rhizobia resistant to those antibiotics has been proposed as a means of promoting colonization and nodulation of legumes by root-nodule bacteria. A study was conducted to establish some of the factors affecting co-inoculation with antibiotic-producing strains of Bacillus and Streptomyces griseus. The stimulation of Rhizobium meliloti and yield and N uptake by alfalfa was enhanced with increasing inoculum size of Bacillus sp. S. griseus and chitin added to soil increased nodulation of soybeans by Bradyrhizobium japonicum and increased nodulation, yield, and number of pods on a second crop grown in the same soil. Bacillus sp. persisted in soil in sufficient numbers for at least 51 days to increase colonization of soybean roots by B. japonicum. The populations of S. griseus, Bacillus sp., and antibiotic-resistant isolates of R. meliloti and B. japonicum fell after their addition to seeds. Nevertheless, a benefical effect by the antibiotic-producing bacteria was evident on R. meliloti colonization of the rhizosphere, nodulation, and yield of alfalfa grown from seeds stored 94 days and on B. japonicum colonization, nodule number, yield, and seed weight of soybeans grown from seeds stored 90 days. Because non-antibiotic-producing derivatives of Bacillus sp. and S. griseus did not promote colonization or nodulation of alfalfa roots by R. meliloti, the benefit of this co-inoculation is a result of antibiotic formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032413
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical taxonomic analysis of cross-inoculation patterns of legumes and Rhizobium (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 84 (1985), S. 225-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cross-inoculation ; Legumes ; Nodulation ; Numerical taxonomy ; Rhizobium ; Symbiotic specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A survey was made of published results of tests of the capacity of Rhizobium derived from one legume genus to nodulate plants from other genera. The data were derived from more than 14,000 separate cross-inoculation trials involving species from 165 genera of legumes. Numerical taxonomic techniques were applied to 113 of the genera for which results of substantial cross-infection tests were available. The data were examined using mean character difference coefficients re-expressed as total and positive-only similarity coefficients. The resulting similarity matrices were clustered by the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages. Eighteen affinity groups were defined at the 70% similarity level. With few exceptions, the physiological and cultural behavior of the rhizobia was consistent within the defined groups. Two broad categories were suggested in the numerical taxonomic analysis, and their validity is discussed in regard to the geographic, physiological and cultural characteristics of the legumes and their Rhizobium microsymbionts. The taxonomic and agronomic value of this approach and the new groupings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143186
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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