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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 85 (1996), S. 130-137 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Water/rock reactions ; Exothermic reactions ; Retrograde metamorphism ; Heat source Heat flow ; Hydrothermal systems ; Mineralisation ; KTB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Chemical reactions of water with silicates are strongly exothermic. Therefeore, retrograde metamorphism is also a strongly exothermic process and thus a potentially powerful heat source. Depending on the time scale its contribution to the terrestrial heat flow can be equivalent to, or even exceed, that of radioactive decay. During hydration mafic rocks and gneisses liberate 60 J/cm3 for each weight percent H2O they bind. It is argued that retrograde reactions constitute relatively short-lived, single or repeated episodes during crustal cooling, and that they can influence, or even strongly perturb, the geotherm during thousands to a million years. The thermal effects involved are non-trivial; they should be considered in interpretations of heat flow measurements. They could constitute the main heat source for hydrothermal mineralisations not connected with magmatic intrusions and possibly contribute to the thermal development of sedimentary basins. These effects are large enough to be one of the possible explanations for the difference between the predicted and measured heat flows at the KTB site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Mercury poisoning ; Kidney failure, acute ; Vasomotor system ; Vascular disease ; Permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Histologische Untersuchungen ergaben Hinweise dafür, da\ bei Ratten im Verlauf des durch HgCl2-Injektion erzeugten akuten Nierenversagens Störungen der intrarenalen Vasomotorik auftreten. MÄnnliche Wistar-Ratten entwickelten nach einmaliger subkutaner Injektion von 2,5 oder 4,7 mg HgCl2/kg KG segmentale fibrinoide LÄsionen in der Media prÄglomerulÄrer NierengefÄ\e, am hÄufigsten in Aa. arcuatae and Aa. interlobulares. Die LÄsionen traten fleckförmig und unregelmÄ\ig über die Nieren verteilt auf. Sie waren nach 24 Stunden sehr selten und gering ausgeprÄgt, dagegen nach 48 Stunden voll entwickelt und regelmÄ\ig anzutreffen. In bestimmten extrarenalen GefÄ\provinzen (vorzugsweise Mesenterium und Pankreas) fanden sich in einem hohen Prozentsatz gleichartige VerÄnderungen. Die geschÄdigten Wandabschnitte waren meist dilatiert. Das Ergebnis verschiedener TrichromfÄrbungen und histochemischer Reaktionen lie\ auf ein ödem der GefÄ\muskelzellen und eine Imbibierung der Media mit Blutplasmasubstanzen bis hin zur fibrinoiden Nekrose schlie\en. Dies konnte elektronenmikroskopisch bestÄtigt werden. Die Imbibierung von Muskelzellen mit Blutplasmasubstanzen wurde besonders durch den Nachweis intrazellulÄrer FibrinprÄzipitate deutlich. In Verbindung mit MuskelzelluntergÄngen waren oft AnhÄufungen kristallartiger Fibrinformationen nachweisbar. Subendotheliale Fibrinablagerungen fanden sich nicht. 96 Stunden nach der Injektion (2,5 mg-Dosis) waren die VerÄnderungen bereits rücklÄufig, jedoch konnten GefÄ\wandödem und Zeichen eines gestörten Vasotonus noch nach mehreren Tagen beobachtet werden. Zeitlich korreliert das Maximum der GefÄ\verÄnderungen im allgemeinen mit dem Höhepunkt der AzotÄmie und der Ausbildung von Detrituszylindern in den HarnkanÄlchen, jedoch bestanden im Einzelfall keine strengen Beziehungen zwischen GefÄ\wandschaden, Ausdehnung der Tubuluszellnekrosen und der Nierenfunktion. Die Pathogenese des GefÄ\wandschadens ist unklar. Neurogene Faktoren, vermehrte Ausschüttung von Katecholaminen und/oder von vasoaktiven Substanzen renalen Ursprungs könnten im Verein mit anderen Faktoren eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Ein arterieller Hypertonus war nicht nachweisbar. Es wird vermutet, da\ für die Entwicklung der GefÄ\wandschÄden anhaltende oder rezidivierende Vasospasmen oder der Wechsel von Spasmus und Vasodilatation mit lokaler IschÄmie und vermehrter Wandspannung in dilatierten GefÄ\wandabschnitten ausschlaggebend sind. Die gestörte Funktion und Struktur der GefÄ\wand könnte bis zu einem gewissen Grade zur Niereninsuffizienz beitragen.
    Notes: Summary Histologic evidence of intrarenal vasomotor changes were observed in the rat in the course of acute renal failure caused by the injection of HgCl2. Male Wistar rats injected s.c. with 2.5 or 4.7 mg HgCl2 per kg b.wt. developed fibrinoid damage in the media segments of preglomerular renal vessels, mostly in the arcuate and interlobular arteries. The lesions were patchy and irregularly scattered throughout the kidneys. 24 h post-injection the lesions were very rare and of only mild degree, whereas they were fully developed and regularly seen 48 h post-injection. A high percentage of similar changes was found in certain extrarenal vascular areas especially in the mesentery and pancreas. The damaged vascular segments were usually dilated. The results of various trichrome stains and histochemical reactions suggested edema of vascular smooth muscle cells and imbibition of the media by blood plasma substances, sometimes reaching the degree of fibrinoid necrosis. These findings were confirmed by electron microscopy. The imbibition of the smooth muscle cells by blood plasma material was clearly evidenced by the demonstration of intracellular fibrin precipitations. In connection with the degeneration of smooth muscle cells, accumulations of crystal-like fibrin formations could often be shown. Subendothelial fibrin formations were not observed. 96 h after the 2.5 mg injection the changes were already regressing, but edema of the vascular wall and signs of disturbed vasotonia persisted for several days. The maximum of the vascular changes usually coincided with the maximum of azotemia and the formation of debris cylinders in the renal tubules. However, no clear relationship was recognizable in individual cases between vascular damage, extent of tubular necrosis and renal function. The pathogenesis of the vascular changes is obscure, but neurogenic factors, increased release of catecholamines and/or vasoactive agents of renal origin in connection with other factors might play a decisive role. Arterial hypertension was absent. It is assumed that the structural damage of the vascular media is mainly brought about by prolonged or recurring vasospasms, or by alternating spasm and vasodilatation with local ischemia and increased tension of the vascular wall in the dilated segments. The altered function and structure of the vascular wall might, to a certain extent, contribute to renal insufficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996), S. 130-137 
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Water/rock reactions ; Exothermic reactions ; Retrograde metamorphism ; Heat source ; Heat flow ; Hydrothermal systems ; Mineralisation ; KTB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Chemical reactions of water with silicates are strongly exothermic. Therefeore, retrograde metamorphism is also a strongly exothermic process and thus a potentially powerful heat source. Depending on the time scale its contribution to the terrestrial heat flow can be equivalent to, or even exceed, that of radioactive decay. During hydration mafic rocks and gneisses liberate 60 J/cm3 for each weight percent H2O they bind. It is argued that retrograde reactions constitute relatively short-lived, single or repeated episodes during crustal cooling, and that they can influence, or even strongly perturb, the geotherm during thousands to a million years. The thermal effects involved are non-trivial; they should be considered in interpretations of heat flow measurements. They could constitute the main heat source for hydrothermal mineralisations not connected with magmatic intrusions and possibly contribute to the thermal development of sedimentary basins. These effects are large enough to be one of the possible explanations for the difference between the predicted and measured heat flows at the KTB site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
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