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  • Key words: BL6, DBA, C3H mice — Density — Alkaline phosphatase — Bone strength — Bone formation rate  (1)
  • Rat tibia  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Variations in Bone Density, Histomorphometry, and Strength in Mice (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: BL6, DBA, C3H mice — Density — Alkaline phosphatase — Bone strength — Bone formation rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to assess breed-related differences in bone histomorphometry, bone biomechanics, and serum biochemistry in three mouse breeds shown to differ in bone mineral density (BMD) (as measured by DXA) and bone mineral content (BMC). Femurs, tibiae, and sera were collected from 16-week-old C3H/HeJ {C3H}, C57BL/6J {BL6}, and DBA/2J {DBA}mice (n = 12/breed). Data collected included BMC and BMD (femora), histomorphometry of cancellous (distal femur) and cortical bone (diaphyseal tibiae and femora), bone strength (femora), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Consistent with previous reports, BMC and BMD were higher in C3H than in BL6 or DBA mice. The higher BMD in the C3H breed was associated with greater cancellous bone volume, cortical bone area, periosteal bone formation rate, biomechanical strength, and serum ALP. However, mid-diaphyseal total femoral and tibial cross-sectional area and moment of inertia were greatest in BL6, intermediate in C3H, and lowest in DBA mice. The specific distribution of cortical bone in C3H, BL6, DBA mice represents a difference in adaptive response to similar mechanical loads in these breeds. This difference in adaptive response may be intrinsic to the adaptive mechanism, or may be intrinsic to the bone tissue material properties. In either case, the bone-adaptive response to ordinary mechanical loads in the BL6 mice yields bones of lower mechanical efficiency (less stiffness per unit mass of bone tissue) and does not adapt as well as that of the C3H mice where the final product is a bone with greater resistance to bending under load. We suggest that the size, shape, and BMD of the bone are a result of breed-specific genetically regulated cellular mechanisms. Compared with the C3H mice, the lower BMD in BL6 mice is associated with long bones that are weaker because the larger cross-sectional area fails to compensate completely for their lower BMD and BMC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001144
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical loading stimulates rapid changes in periosteal gene expression (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Strain ; Rat tibia ; c-fos ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Osteocalcin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Although mechanical forces regulate bone mass and morphology, little is known about the signals involved in that regulation. External force application increases periosteal bone formation by increasing surface activation and formation rate. In this study, the early tibial periosteal response to external loads was compared between loaded and nonloaded contralateral tibia by examining the results of blot hybridization analyses of total RNA. To study the impact of external load on gene expression, RNA blots were sequentially hybridized to cDNAs encoding the protooncogene c-fos, cytoskeletal protein β-actin, bone matrix proteins alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (Op), and osteocalcin (Oc), and growth factors insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The rapid yet transient increase in levels of c-fos mRNA seen within 2 hours after load application indirectly suggests that the initial periosteal response to mechanical loading is cell proliferation. This is also supported by the concomitant decline in levels of mRNAs encoding bone matrix proteins ALP, Op, and Oc, which are typically produced by mature osteoblasts. Another early periosteal response to mechanical load appeared to be the rapid induction of growth factor synthesis as TGF-β and IGF-I mRNA levels were increased in the loaded limb with peak levels being observed 4 hours after loading. These data indicate that the acute periosteal response to external mechanical loading was a change in the pattern of gene expression which may signal cell proliferation. The altered pattern of gene expression observed in the present study supports previous evidence of increased periosteal cell proliferation seen both in vivo and in vitro following mechanical loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298562
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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