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Oral Sensory Discrimination of Fluid Viscosity (1997)

Smith, Christina H. ; Logemann, Jerilyn A. ; Burghardt, Wesley R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Dysphagia 12 (1997), S. 68 -73

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ISSN: 1432-0460

Keywords: Key words: Swallowing — Bolus viscosity — Oral perception — Oropharyngeal — Deglutition — Deglutition disorders.

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract. This study was designed to investigate the ability of normal young adult volunteers to sensorially identify Newtonian fluids of specified viscosities. Twenty subjects, 10 men and 10 women between the ages of 18 and 29 years participated. Seven stimuli, consisting of combinations of corn syrup and water, with viscosities ranging from 2 to 2,240 centipoise (cP) were prepared and characterized using a coaxial rotational viscometer. Subjects were presented with two anchor stimuli representing the extremes of the range of viscosities as a basis from which the experimental stimuli were judged. The seven experimental stimuli were randomly presented to each subject 10 times. The accuracy with which the subjects identified the viscosity of the fluid was significant at p 〈 0.01. The pattern of response was not significantly different across subjects nor gender. There were no differences in performance throughout the duration of the study. The repeat presentation of the anchor points did not significantly affect performance. Further research on oral perception of viscosity, and the processes that mediate changes in swallow physiology resulting from changes in viscosity is required.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009521

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Expression of kinesin heavy chain isoforms in retinal pigment epithelial cells (1995)

King-Smith, Christina ; Bost-Usinger, Laurie ; Burnside, Beth

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 31 (1995), S. 66-81

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ISSN: 0886-1544

Keywords: microtubule motor proteins ; immunolocalization ; RT-PCR ; Northern/Southern blots ; microinjection ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: To examine the possible role of kinesin in pigment granule migration in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of teleosts, we investigated the expression and distribution of kinesin heavy chain (KHC) in RPE. Blots of fish RPE lysates probed with two well-characterized antibodies to KHC (H2 and HD) displayed a prominent band at 120 kD. A third KHC antibody (SUK4) recognized a band at 118 suggesting the presence of two KHC isoforms in teleost RPE. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of mRNA from RPE using primers homologous to conserved regions of the KHC motor domain resulted in the homologous to conserved regions of the KHC motor domain resulted in the identification of two putative KHC genes (FKIF1 and FKIF5) based on partial amino acid sequences. Previous studies had demonstrated a requirement for microtubules in pigment granule aggregation in RPE. In addition, the reported microtubule polarity orientation in RPE apical projections is consistent with a role for kinesin in pigment granule aggregation. Immunofluorescent localization of KHC in isolated RPE cells using H2 revealed a mottled distribution over the entire cell body, with no detectable selective association with pigment granules, even in cells fixed while aggregating pigment granules. Microinjected KHC antibodies had no effect on pigment granule aggregation or dispersion, although each of the three antibodies has been shown to block kinesin function in other systems. Thus we found no evidence for KHC function in RPE pigment granule aggregation. However, the two KHC isoforms may participate in other microtubule-dependent processes in RPE.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.