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  • Key words Epidural analgesia • Urology • Post-operative analgesia • Side effects • Complications  (1)
  • Serotonin  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Periduralanalgesie • Urologie • Postoperative Schmerztherapie • Nebenwirkungen • Komplikationen ; Key words Epidural analgesia • Urology • Post-operative analgesia • Side effects • Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The benefits of epidural analgesia are well known, but it is not well understood which types of urologic surgery benefit most from epidural analgesia. In this study, the effects and side effects of prolonged epidural analgesia are prospectively examined and analysed on 172 adult patients in three different operation groups. An epidural infusion of local anaesthetic combined with an opioid and adrenaline was given for a period of ¶5–7 days. There was no difference between the groups with respect to the effectiveness of the analgesia and patients' perception of the treatment. Mobilization differed, as expected, between the groups, however even after the most major surgery (e. g. cystectomy with bladder substitution), mobilization was impressively unproblematic. Retarded return of regular intestinal function after the transperitoneal operation and partly after lumbotomy compared with the extraperitoneal operation depended on which operation was performed and the amount of analgesia given. The side effects such as sedation, nausea and pruritis were conditional partly on the opiate and partly on the intervention. Up to 11 % showed slight muscular weakness of the lower limbs as a specific side effect of the local anaesthetic. Complications: One patient died of cerebral hypoxy due to an initially undetected subdural catheter placement complicated by severe pre-existent carotid stenosis. In four patients, the epidural analgesia had to be stopped because of catheter migration. There was no clinical evidence of hematoma, abscess or permanent neurological damage. Epidural analgesia works well in terms of analgesia, mobilization and patient satisfaction, bearing in mind the potential side effects and complications. It can be recommended for lumbotomy and long transperitoneal operations however not for extraperitoneal interventions in the lower abdomen such as radical prostatectomy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während die günstigen Effekte der kontinuierlichen Periduralanalgesie (PDA) hinlänglich bekannt sind, stellt sich die Frage, bei welchen operativen Eingriffen die Indikation zu diesem Verfahren zu stellen ist und mit welchen Nebenwirkungen und Komplikationen zu rechnen ist. Hierfür untersuchten wir die Unterschiede der PDA in Wirkung und Nebenwirkungen prospektiv an 172 erwachsenen Patienten in Abhängigkeit vom durchgeführten operativen Eingriff. Verwendung fand eine Kombinationslösung, welche für die Dauer von 5–7 Tagen kontinuierlich appliziert wurde. Keine Unterschiede fanden sich in bezug auf die ausgezeichnete Analgesie und Patientenzufriedenheit. Die Mobilisation war je nach vorangegangenem Eingriff erwartungsgemäß unterschiedlich, auch nach maximalem operativen Trauma jedoch beeindruckend problemlos. Ein verzögertes Einsetzen einer geregelten Darmfunktion nach transperitonealem Eingriff und z. T. auch nach Lumbotomie gegenüber extraperitonealem Unterbaucheingriff ist eingriffsbedingt und z. T. dosisabhängig. Nebenwirkungen wie Sedierung, Nausea und Juckreiz waren geringgradig sehr häufig zu finden, eine strenge Dosiskorrelation war jedoch nicht zu erkennen. Z. T. dürften die Nebenwirkungen eingriffsbedingt sein. Bis zu 11 % der Patienten berichteten anfänglich über eine leichte Muskelschwäche der Beine. Komplikationen: 1 Patient verstarb nach initial unbemerkter intraduraler Katheterlage durch eine cerebrale Hypoxie auf dem Boden einer vorbestehenden gravierenden cerebralen Minderperfusion. Abbruch der PDA bei 4 Patienten wegen falscher Katheterlage. Hämatome, Abszesse oder bleibende neurologische Schäden wurden nicht beobachtet. Die PDA ist in bezug auf Analgesie, Mobilisation und Patientenzufriedenheit ein bewährtes Verfahren, sofern die möglichen Nebenwirkungen und Komplikationen sorgfältig im Auge behalten werden. Das Verfahren kann für große Lumbotomien und ausgedehnte transabdominelle Eingriffe empfohlen werden, nicht jedoch für extraperitoneale Unterbaucheingriffe, wie die radikale Prostatektomie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rotational behavior ; 8-OH-DPAT ; RU 24969 ; Serotonin ; Dopamine ; Raphe ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Denervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced lesions of the ascending nigro-striatal pathway have been shown to rotate in response to dopamine (DA) agonists that are not considered to have postsynaptic DA stimulant properties in intact animals, suggesting a relative loss of DA receptor selectivity in the denervated striatum. The present experiments assessed the possibility that this loss of selectivity may extend to serotonin (5HT) agonist drugs. The 5HT-1a agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), at doses of 0.3–3 mg/kg SC, induced robust contralateral rotational behavior (RB) in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats that had been preselected on the basis of high responsiveness to the atypical DA agonists 3-PPP and SKF 38393. Rats with unilateral dorsal raphe lesions induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) showed contralateral RB in response to similar doses of 8-OH-DPAT but with a different behavioral pattern. The putative 5HT-1b agonist RU 24969 produced contralateral RB in 5,7-DHT-lesioned rats while showing a much weaker effect in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Striatal DA levels were depleted by 99% in representative 6-OHDA-lesioned rats but striatal 5HT levels were unaffected. The effects of 8-OH-DPAT in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were therefore not attributable to destruction of ascending 5HT-containing neurons. These effects may result from indirect actions, mediated by 5-HT neurons or neuronal receptors, that result from asymmetry of brain DA systems. Alternatively, it is proposed that rats with highly denervated striatal DA receptors show a loss of apparent molecular selectivity such that weak partial DA agonist properties of 8-OH-DPAT, although not demonstrable in normal rats, become manifested under these conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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