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  • Key words Nonthoracotomy cardioverter/defibrillator systems – lead failures – device implemented diagnostic and measurement features – automated system control with patient alert  (1)
  • Key words Ural  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Ural ; Maksyutov complex ; Garnet ; Chloritoid ; P ; T path
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Metasedimentary garnet-mica schists are interlayered with metabasic garnet–omphacite schists and enclose eclogite boudins in the high-pressure metamorphic Maksyutov complex in the Southern Urals, Russia. These three rock types were investigated in one outcrop and compared chemographically and thermobarometrically. The Fe/Mg distributions between garnet rim–omphacite and garnet rim–phengite pairs indicate different equilibration temperatures for the three samples, with the lowest temperature (500°C, 〉1.5 GPa) for the eclogite boudin, an intermediate temperature (630°C, 〉1.7 GPa) for the foliated eclogite and the highest temperature (650°C, 〉1.7 GPa) for the garnet-mica schist. The garnets in garnet-mica schist enclose abundant chloritoid relics and the Fe/Mg distribution between chloritoid and garnet records an earlier high-temperature stage (650°C, 〉2.0 GPa) before the garnet rim–phengite temperatures were reached. Together with some minimum- and maximum-pressure estimates three different prograde pressure–temperature paths and a common retrograde metamorphic evolution are interpreted from the chemographic and thermobarometric data. The different early metamorphic evolutions and conditions confirm the variability of protoliths, which are also indicated by different U/Pb zircon and rutile ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Transvenöse Kardioverter/Defibrillator-Elektrodensysteme – Elektrodendysfunktionen – systemintegrierte Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen – automatisierte Systemkontrolle ; Key words Nonthoracotomy cardioverter/defibrillator systems – lead failures – device implemented diagnostic and measurement features – automated system control with patient alert
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The aim of this study is the analysis of electrical failures in transvenous cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) lead systems with regard to the importance of device implemented diagnostic and measurement functions and the potential role of an automated device-control in the detection of lead failures. Methods: All consecutive ICD patients at our institution were enrolled in this retrospective investigation. The routine follow-up controls consisted in a complete evaluation of all diagnostic and measurement ICD features and additional controls in when spontaneous arrhyhtmia episodes occurred. Results: Two hundred thirty patients, 193 male and 37 female, were enrolled in this study (mean age: 61.5±10.2 years; mean LVEF was 32±9%). During a mean follow-up period of 29.5±18.4 (6–76) months, lead failure occurred in 19 patients (8%). 16 patients were implanted with an ICD, capable of diagnostic and measurements functions. All nonadequate device discharges could be classified as sensing-failure by stored electrograms. Device implemented measurement features revealed clinical important information in 13/16 patients (81%). In 14/16 patients, the lead defect could not be detected during routine follow-up. At the time of documented lead failure the safety of the implanted devices was already lost in 6/16 patients (38%). Conclusions: Device implemented diagnostic and measurement options are of great importance in the early detection of ICD lead failures. The implementation of automated measurements of lead related parameters in connection with a patient alert function may contribute to a further increase in the safety of ICD therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Analyse elektrischer Dysfunktionen transvenöser Kardioverter/Defibrillator-(ICD-)Elektrodensysteme hinsichtlich der Bedeutung systemintegrierter Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen und der Möglichkeit einer automatisierten Systemkontrolle von ICD-Generatoren für eine sichere und schnelle Erkennung von Elektrodendefekten. Methoden: Alle konsekutiven ICD-Patienten unserer Klinik wurden in die vorliegende, retrospektive Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Verlaufskontrolle umfaßte die regelmäßige, vollständige Systemprüfung der ICD-Systeme und zusätzliche Kontrollen bei spontanen Arrhythmieepisoden. Ergebnisse: 230 konsekutive Patienten, 193 Männer, 37 Frauen, wurden in die Untersuchung einbezogen (mittleres Alter: 61,5±10,2 Jahre; mittlere LVEF 32±9%). Während einer Nachbeobachtungsperiode von 29,5±18,4 Monaten (6–76 Monate) wurden bei 19 Patienten (8%) Defekte der ICD-Elektrodensysteme dokumentiert. 16 Patienten trugen einen ICD-Generator mit systemimplementierten Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen. Alle nichtadäquaten ICD-Entladungen konnten durch die Analyse gespeicherter Elektrogramme als Fehlfunktion klassifiziert werden. Die systemintegrierten Meßfunktionen zeigten bei 13 von 16 Patienten (81%) diagnostisch verwertbare Ergebnisse. Bei 14/16 Patienten konnte der Elektrodendefekt im Rahmen der Nachsorge nicht rechtzeitig erkannt werden. Zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung war bei 6/16 Patienten (38%) die Therapiesicherheit des implantierten ICD-Systems nicht mehr gewährleistet. Schlußfolgerung: Systemintegrierte Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen sind eine wichtige Option zur Erkennung von ICD-Elektrodendefekten. Die Einführung systemintegrierter, automatisch durchgeführter Kontrollen aller elektrodenbezogenen Meßwerte in Verbindung mit Patientenwarneinrichtung könnte zu einer weiteren Steigerung der Sicherheit der Therapie mit implantierbaren Kardioverter/Defibrillatoren beitragen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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