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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 462-465 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Phrenic nerve stimulation ; Work of breathing ; Oesophageal pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Five commercially available oesophageal balloon catheters (OBCs) were tested to evaluate the accuracy in transmitting fast-changing pressure signals which can be observed, for example, during phrenic nerve stimulation.¶Setting: Research laboratory of a university hospital.¶Method: The OBCs tested varied in length (900–1390 mm) and inner diameter (0.9–1.5 mm) as well as in balloon material [latex or polyvinyl-chloride (PVC)]. A 180-cm tube served as a control. A sudden pressure drop was generated by the explosion of a pressurized latex balloon. The time between the pressure drop and 75, 50, 25 and 10 % of the maximal pressure was measured.¶Results: The time intervals required to transduce a pressure drop of 90 % varied between the different OBCs from 85 to 476 ms(control 32 ms). Transmission time was lower in OBCs with a larger inner diameter. Shortening the OBCs resulted in a further decrease in transmission time.¶Conclusion: The type of OBC used has an impact on signal processing. An OBCs with a short transmission time should be chosen, especially if fast pressure changes are to be evaluated such as during phrenic nerve stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Mechanical ventilation ; intensive care therapy ; assisted spontaneous breathing ; work of breathing ; Schlüsselwörter Respirator-therapie ; Intensivtherapie ; assistierte Beatmung ; Atemarbeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 16 druckunterstützt beatmeten Patienten, davon acht mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD) und acht ohne obstruktive Lungenkrankheiten wurde der Einfluß eines PEEP von 5 cmH2O und einer Druckunterstützung von 5 und 10 cmH2O auf die mechanische Atemarbeit und andere atemmechanische Meßgrößen untersucht. Sowohl durch PEEP wie auch durch Druckunterstützung konnte die Atemarbeit gesenkt werden. Die Kombination beider Maßnahmen wirkte additiv. Ein PEEP von 5 cm H2O und eine Druckunterstützung von 10 cmH2O senkte die Atemarbeit im Durchschnitt um mehr als 50% in beiden Patientengruppen. Ohne Druckunterstützung leistet der Patienten mehr als 20% seiner gesamten Atemarbeit auf Widerstände des Beatmungssystems (z.B. Gasflußanlieferung, Triggermechanismus etc.). Durch 10 cmH2O Druckunterstützung war dieser Atemarbeitsanteil nahezu kompensiert und zu vernachlässigen. Ein bestehender intrinsischer PEEP bei COPD-Patienten erhöhte die Atemarbeit und wurde durch Applikation eines externen PEEP vermindert. Die Höhe der Atemarbeit war in unserer Untersuchung interindividuell sehr unterschiedlich. Daher erscheint uns eine individuelle Anpassung von PEEP und Druckunterstützung anhand der gemessenen Atemarbeit sinnvoll.
    Notes: Summary The influence of pressure support of 5 and 10 cmH2O and low-level positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5cm H2O on work of breathing (WOB) and breathing pattern was studied in 16 mechanically ventilated patients. Eight patients suffered from chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), eight patients had no obstructive lung disease. Low-level PEEP as well as pressure support reduced the work of breathing. Combination of both measures was additively effective. PEEP of 5 cmH2O and pressure support of 10 cmH2O decreased WOB more than 50% on average. Without any pressure support more than 20% of WOB were done on the ventilator system (e.g. flow delivery, trigger mechanism etc.). By application of 10 cmH2O of pressure support this part of the work of breathing was negligible. In COPD patients an intrinsic PEEP increased the work of breathing which was counterbalanced by an external PEEP. However, our study revealed high interindividual differences in WOB. Thus, measurement of work of breathing is encouraged to optimize the ventilatory setting by individual adaptation of the PEEP and pressure support level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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