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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Apatite ; Octacalcium phosphate ; Tricalcium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic analysis has been made of the secondary transition stage in the spontaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate following the amorphous-crystalline transformation. The first formed crystalline material has a solubility similar to that of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and the computed thermodynamic solubility product remains invariant in the pH range 7.00–8.60. The duration of the secondary stage is sensitive to pH and the transition appears to occur by hydrolysis of the first formed OCP-like phase to a more basic apatitic phase with a tricalcium phosphate (TCP) stoichiometry. The crystalline material at the end of this transition has an invariant solubility product, in the pH range 7.00 to 8.60, when the TCP-like molecular formula is assumed. Changes in the solution chemistry which accompany the solid-tosolid transitions are consistent with the above conclusions. The results of this study are also consistent with those of a previous study which suggest that the stability of the amorphous calcium phosphate phase is dependent upon the instability of the solution phase with respect to OCP formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tip-Link-Hypothese ; Lärmschwerhörigkeit ; Schalltrauma ; Tinnitus ; TTS ; Key words Tip link hypothesis ; Noise-induced hearing loss ; Tinnitus ; TTS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Sound overexposure is known to cause damage to cochlear structures and can induce permanent or temporary hearing loss and tinnitus. Perhaps the most sensitive of these structures to sound overexposure are the tip links. In this paper the elecrophysiological effects of pharmacological destruction of the tip links of outer hair cells was investigated. Outer hair cells treated with elastase (20 U/mL) or BAPTA (5 mM) no longer responded to sinusoidal stimuli. In contrast to common belief, transduction channels opened due to loss of tip links. Such opened channels can allow K+ and Ca2+ to enter the cell from the endolymphatic space and could lead to permanent depolarization. This influx of cations caused by loss of tip links, together with the subsequent hair-cell depolarization, might be a source of sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus associated with acoustic trauma.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine extreme Lärmexposition ist bekannt dafür, Schädigungen des Gehörs hervorzurufen, die sich in permanenter oder temporärer Schwerhörigkeit und Tinnitus manifestieren können. Vor allem die Stereozilien der Haarsinneszellen stellen einen sensiblen Angriffspunkt dar: deren rämliche Ordnung und ihre Verbindungsfilamente (Tip-Links) können zerstört werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Auswirkung einer pharmakologischen Zerstörung der Tip-Links auf das elektrophysiologische Verhalten der Zelle untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass die behandelten äußeren Haarsinneszellen nicht mehr mechanosensitiv für nasische Stimuli waren, was die Wichtigkeit der Tip-Links bei der Reiztransduktion unterstreicht. Entgegen der allgemeinen Erwartung gingen die mechanoelektrischen Transduktionskanäle aber in einen offenen Zustand über. Durch die permanent offenen Kannäle strömen dauerhaft hauptsächlich K+- und Ca2+-Ionen aus der Endolymphe in die Zelle ein und führen zu einer Depolarisation. Dieser durch den Verlust der Tip-Links verursachte Einstrom von Kationen und die Depolarisation der Zelle können ein Teil der Ursache einer dem Schalltrauma begleitenden Symptomatik wie Innenohrschwerhörigkeit und Tinnitus sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 59-68 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Amorphous calcium phosphate ; Thermodynamics ; Apatite ; Octacalcium phosphate ; Tricalcium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic analysis of the precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and its transformation to crystalline apatite has been made. A nearly constant ion product, over a wide variety of conditions, was obtained for a tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-like phase suggesting that the molecular unit which governs the solubility of ACP may be similar in composition to TCP. The introduction of 10% acid phosphate into the formula for the TCP ion product improves the fit of experimental data and results in an invariant ion product. The stability of ACP in solution was found to be dependent upon its thermodynamic instability with respect to an octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-like phase. The dependence of the induction period for the amorphous to crystalline transformation upon the pH and the Ca/P ratio of the solution is best explained by the assumption that an OCP-like phase is initially nucleated on the surfaces of the ACP particles. The events that occur in the immediate post-transition period suggest the hydrolysis of this OCP-like material to an apatitic phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Hydroxide ; Hydroxyapatite ; Titration ; Precipitation ; Thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method is described for determination of the titratable hydroxide ion in calcium phosphate precipitates. The procedure requires accurate analysis of the other titratable species in the crystal lattice but is unaffected by the presence of other lattice constituents or impurities. The method was applied to precipitates that had been previously analyzed by solution thermodynamic techniques, and the results were consistent with the earlier observations. The hydroxide content of the precipitates increased with crystal maturity and with increasing pH of the precipitation medium. The hydroxide content of the amorphous phase and the immediate post-amorphous-crystalline transformation phase was shown to be nearly zero. After 3 to 4 days' maturation, the hydroxide content of precipitates prepared at pH values of 7, 8, and 9 was shown to increase to approximately 23, 40, 56% of that required for pure hydroxyapatite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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