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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in Subcutaneous Tissue Using in Vivo Capillary Ultrafiltration Probes (1993)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 10 (1993), S. 598-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: capillary ultrafiltration ; in vivo sampling ; pharmacokinetics ; acetaminophen ; theophylline ; subcutaneous tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Capillary ultrafiltration probes were utilized for in vivo sampling of therapeutic drugs in awake rats. Capillary ultrafiltration probes implanted into subcutaneous tissue were able to follow the disposition of acetaminophen and theophylline. Ultrafiltration probes provided samples at a rate of 2–3 µL/min. Ultrafiltrates were analyzed by liquid chromatography with either UV or electrochemical detection. Simultaneous ultrafiltration and microdialysis probes and multiple ultrafiltration probes were used in individual animals to validate the technique. The pharmacokinetics of two well-established drugs, acetaminophen and theophylline, were monitored in awake, freely moving rats to demonstrate the viability of the technique. The half-life for acetaminophen was determined to be 20.9 ± 1.0 min (n = 6) for a 2 mg/kg dosing. The half-life of elimination for theophylline was determined to be 3.0 ± 0.1 hr (n = 4) for a 4 mg/kg dose. The capillary ultrafiltration probes exhibited a constant flow rate of 2.4 ± 0.1 µL/min and removed 50 nL/min/mm of fluid from the extracellular space. Capillary ultrafiltration sampling is shown to be an excellent tool for in vivo monitoring of drug disposition and a suitable method for determining pharmacokinetic parameters in awake animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018914522749
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of oxidase enzyme substrates using cross-flow thin-layer amperometry (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 716-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Thin-layer cross-flow amperometric cell ; Osmium redox polymer ; Oxidase electrode ; Peroxidase electrode ; Glucose ; Lactate ; Acetylcholine ; Choline ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thin-layer cross-flow amperometric detectors with enzyme modified working electrodes were developed for the determination of oxidase substrates in flowing streams. The enzyme was covalently immobilized in an osmium redox polymer film on the electrode surface. Electrodes modified with glucose oxidase or lactate oxidase were prepared for the continuous monitoring of glucose or lactate. A peroxidase electrode coupled with oxidase enzyme reactors was also explored for the determination of glucose, lactate, and acetylcholine/choline in continuous monitoring systems or following liquid chromatography. The effects of interferences, oxygen, mass transfer limiting membrane, and perfusate composition on electrode performance are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140080803
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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