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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Haloalkanes ; Irreversible (covalent) binding ; Liver ; Protein ; Lipid ; Haloalkane ; Irreversible (covalente) Bindung ; Leber ; Protein ; Lipid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1) Nach intraperitonealer Injektion von markiertem CCl4, CHCl3 und Halothan an Mäuse wird 14C bevorzugt an Protein und Lipid des endoplasmatischen Reticulums gebunden. Eine bemerkenswerte Aktivität befindet sich auch in Bestandteilen der Mitochondrien. Die höchste Proteinbindung betrug (nMol/mg): CCl4: 2,8 (0,5 hrs); CHCl3: 11,5 (6 hrs); Halothan: 5,0 (6 hrs). Bindung an Lipide: CCl4: 6,4 (5 min); CHCl3: 8,0 (4 hrs); Halothan: 13,5 (2 hrs). Der Verlauf der Bindung an mikrosomale und mitochondriale Proteine und Lipide war bei den einzelnen Haloalkanen unterschiedlich. 2) Die irreversible Bindung von 14C aus markierten Haloalkanen in aeroben Suspensionen von isolierten Kaninchen-Lebermikrosomen und NADPH betrug nach 30 min für Protein (Lipid): CCl4: 15 (38); CHCl3: 3,4 (3,2); Halothan: 2,3 (10,0); Trichlorfluormethan: 6,5 (30). Inkubation unter anaeroben Bedingungen begünstigte die Enthalogenierung, jedoch ist Sauerstoff für den Stoffwechsel und für die irreversible Bindung erforderlich. Die größten Unterschiede der Bindungsgeschwindigkeiten wurden bei CHCl3 mit Lebermikrosomen von Ratten, Mäusen und Kaninchen gefunden. 3) Abweichende Konzentrationen von Cytochrom P-450 in Mikrosomen von neugeborenen Tieren oder nach Vorbehandlung von Ratten mit Phenobarbital, Methylcholanthren (MC) oder CoCl2 bewirkten ähnliche, aber nicht proportionale Änderungen der covalenten Bindungen an Protein und Lipid. Die Absorptionsdifferenz von reduzierten Lebermikrosomen von MC-vorbehandelten Ratten mit Cytochrom P-448 lag nach Zugabe von CCl4 bei 452. Die covalenten Bindungen mit solchen Mikrosomen waren ebenfalls erhöht. Die geringe Beschleunigung derirreversiblen Bindungen mit Lebermikrosomen von Ratten nach Vorbehandlung mit Isopropanol steht jedoch in keinem Verhältnis zu dem starken Anstieg der Toxicität von CCl4. 4) In Mikrosomenansätzen wurde praktisch keine Bindung an zugesetztes lösliches Albumin oder an RNS beobachtet. Jedoch wird 14C an Nicotin-Adenin-Dinucleotide des NADPH-Systems gebunden. Alle Haloalkane bewirkten eine ähnliche Beschleunigung der NADPH-Oxidation bei der Inkubation von Kaninchen-Lebermikrosomen und NADPH.
    Notes: Summary 1) After intraperitoneal injection of labeled CCl4, CHCl3, and halothane in mice, 14C is preferentially bound to liver endoplasmic protein and lipid. A considerable activity is also associated with mitochondrial constituents. Maximal protein binding (nmol/mg): CCl4: 2.8 (0.5 hrs); CHCl3: 11.5 (6 hrs); halothane: 5 (6 hrs). Lipid binding: CCl4: 6.4 (5 min); CHCl3: 8 (4 hrs); halothane: 13.5 (2 hrs). The form of the binding curves in microsomal and mitochondrial protein and lipid differed with the individual haloalkanes. 2) The irreversible (covalent) binding of 14C from labeled haloalkanes in anaerobic suspensions of isolated rabbit liver microsomes and NADPH after 30 min was for protein (lipid) (nmol/mg): CCl4: 15 (58); CHCl3: 3.4 (3.2); halothane: 2.3 (10); trichlorofluoromethane: 6.5 (30). Anaerobic incubation favored dehalogenation, but CHCl3 metabolism and irreversible binding requires oxygen. The greatest differences in the in vitro “covalent” binding rates were observed with CHCl3 in rat, mouse, and rabbit. 3) Altered microsomal cytochrome P-450 concentrations in newborn animals, or produced by pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), or CoCl2 effected similar, but not proportional changes in the rates of irreversible protein and lipid binding. Upon addition of CCl4 the difference of light absorption of reduced liver microsomes from MC-pretreated rats containing cytochrome P-448 appeared at 452 nm. The irreversible binding rate in these microsomes was also increased. The small acceleration in irreversible binding in liver microsomes from rats pretreated with isopropanol is not proportional to the high increase of CCl4 toxicity. 4) Practically no binding to added, soluble albumin or RNA was observed in microsomal incubates. However, 14C is bound to the nicotine-adenine dinucleotides of the NADPH system. All haloalkanes produced a similar increase of NADPH oxidation in incubates of rabbit liver microsomes and NADPH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 257 (1967), S. 151-171 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Hydroxylaminobiphenyl ; Nitrosobiphenyl ; Reduction of Nitrobiphenyl ; Aminobiphenyl ; Liver ; Hydroxylaminobiphenyl ; Nitrosobiphenyl ; Reduktion von Nitrobiphenyl ; Aminobiphenyl ; Leber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Improved and modified techniques for preparation and estimation of 4-nitrosobiphenyl and 4-aminobiphenyl are presented. 2. 20 min after intraperitoneal injections of 0.3 mmoles/kg 4-aminobiphenyl the concentration of 4-nitrosobiphenyl in the blood of cats was found to be 17 mμmoles (3.1 μg)/ml. The nitroso compound was extracted, separated on thin layer plates and identified by means of UV-absorption and by complexing with pentacyanoamminferrat (II). 3. 38% of total haemoglobin was oxidized to methaemoglobin 40 min after injection of 0.3 mmoles/kg 4-aminobiphenyl in cats. 4. 4-Nitrosobiphenyl and 4-hydroxylaminobiphenyl oxidized haemoglobin in red cells of cows and cats more rapidly than nitrosobenzene. 5. The velocity of N-hydroxylation of 4-aminobiphenyl by rat liver microsomes, NADPH and O2 was 0.39 mμmoles (0.072 μg)/mg microsomal protein in one minute. Rabbit liver microsomes were revealed to be more active. Pretreatment of rabbits with phenobarbital increased the specific N-hydroxylation activity of liver micro-somes about 3 times. 6. 25% of 4-nitrobiphenyl were reduced to 4-aminobiphenyl within 40 min during anaerobic reduction in the presence of soluble rat liver proteins with NADPH and flavin mononucleotide. The presence of 4-nitrosobiphenyl was demonstrated during reduction. The rate of reduction of 4-nitrosobiphenyl was found to be 4 times higher than that of 4-nitrobiphenyl. Only 6% of 2-nitrofluorene were reduced after 40 min under the same conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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