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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of TGFβ1/β3 during early chick embryo development (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 238 (1994), S. 397-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Development TGFβ ; Immunocytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have used an antibody against a TGFβ peptide fragment to localize this growth factor in the early chick embryo from laying to the ten-somite stage of development. Western blotting showed that the antibody reacted with both mammalian TGFβ1 and chicken TGFβ3. By immunocytochemistry we find that at the earliest developmental stage (stage X of Eyal-Giladi and Kochav) immunoreactivity to this antibody is primarily located in the cells of the area opaca and marginal zone, as well as in the most peripheral edge cells of the blastoderm. The yolk is non-reactive, except in a highly localized region subjacent to the edge cells. This pattern persists at stage XII, and at both stages individual isolated cells in the epiblast and hypoblast are also reactive. By the time to gastrulation, reactivity in the epiblast is polarized to the ventral extremity of the cells, and again some isolated cells in this layer are intensely immunoreactive. At this stage also, the endoderm cells, particularly those underlying the primitive streak, are positive, as are the mesoderm cells lateral to the streak. At somite stages, the neuroepithelium is not reactive but the ectoderm lateral to it is strongly positive. At the caudal primitive streak levels of early somite embryos, the ectoderm and endoderm are immunoreactive while the mesoderm loses the reactivity it showed at the early gastrulation stages. The neuroepithelial cells later show reactivity at their apical poles, and, as at the earlier stages, individual cells show intense labelling. These results indicate that TGFβ1 and/or TGFβ3 immunoreactivity is developmentally regulated from very early stages of morphogenesis in the chick, and together with data from earlier functional studies, suggest that this factor has roles in embryonic axis formation and in blastoderm expansion. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092380314
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-cross-reactive proteins during early chick embryo development (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Dynamics 198 (1993), S. 225-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1058-8388
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Development ; TNFα ; Cell death ; Apoptosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-cross-reactive proteins during the early development of the chick embryo from day 1 to day 6 (H-H stages 5-29) using a polyclonal antibody and two monoclonal antibodies to recombinant mouse TNFα. We have confirmed the cross-reactivity of the antibodies with chicken tissue in Western blotting studies. Proteins of 50 kDa and 70 kDa, showing anti-TNFα cross-reactivity, have been identified during early chick development. In addition, both monoclonal antibodies recognize a 120 kDa protein. These molecules probably represent cytosolic or transmembrane TNF-α-like proteins, similar to those previously identified on the surface of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. We show by ultrastructural cytochemistry that immunoreactivity can be detected at the surfaces of some cells, suggesting that at least some of the antigen is membrane-associated. The proteins are shown to have a widespread tissue distribution during this period of development. Immunoreactivity is first detected in the gastrulating embryo, in the mesoderm and the endoderm. By day 2, expression is confined to the ectoderm and the endoderm, while at day 3 expression appears in the myotome, the notochord, and in nervous tissue. At day 4 the distribution of reactivity is more extensive and includes the notochord, the sclerotome, and the myotome, while the cranial and spinal nerves also become intensely immunoreactive. Also at this stage, neural tube reactivity becomes localized to the marginal neuroepithelial zone, and the lens fibers become positive. This distribution of staining then persists until 6 days of development. We hypothesize that the expression of TNFα-cross-reactive proteins in early development could be indicative of a role for them in programmed cell death (apoptosis) during differentiation of the notochord, the lens, and the nervous system, and in tissue remodeling. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001980308
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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