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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of free fatty acids on valproic acid plasma protein binding during fasting in normal humans (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: valproic acid ; fatty acids ; plasma protein binding ; pharmacokinetics ; drug metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of physiologic variations of free fatty acid levels on in vivo valproic acid plasma protein binding was studied in 6 healthy adult subjects. 14 blood samples were taken during a 12-h dosing interval at steady state while in a fed condition and also during a 27 h fast. Free fraction and total valproate concentration were determined by equilibrium dialysis and GLC, respectively. Free fatty acid levels were determined from both fresh samples and samples incubated at 37°C for 12 h, the latter in order to simulate equilibrium dialysis conditions. Fasting resulted in increased serum free fatty acid levels in all subjects, ranging from 34–182% (p〈0.01). Incubation also caused free fatty acid levels to rise, more so in fed samples (50–87%,p〈0.01) than in fasting samples (10–50%,p〈0.01). Fasting resulted in a 9% increase in the mean free fraction for all subjects combined (p〈0.01). Regression analysis of 180 sets of values for free fraction, total valproate concentration and free fatty acid level suggested that valproate concentration accounts for 17% and free fatty acid level for 37% of the variation in free fraction. Mean clearance was unchanged by fasting despite an increased free fraction suggesting decreased intrinsic clearance (i.e. decreased metabolism) of valproate under these conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613618
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose dependent pharmacokinetics of midazolam (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: midazolam ; 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam ; pharmacokinetics ; dose proportionality ; benzodiazepine ; healthy volunteers ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of midazolam and 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam were investigated following oral administration of 7.5, 15 and 30 mg doses of midazolam in solution to 12 healthy subjects. Compared to the 7.5 mg dose, the Cmax and AUC parameters of both midazolam and 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam increased proportionally after the 15 mg dose and more than proportionally after the 30 mg dose. The t1/2 for midazolam remained relatively constant between the 7.5 and 15 mg doses whereas it increased slightly but significantly after the 30 mg dose. These data indicated that the pharmacokinetics of midazolam and 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam were linear between the 7.5 and 15 mg oral dose range. However, after the 30 mg dose, the systemic availability of midazolam and the AUC for 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam appeared to be greater than that anticipated from the lower doses, possibly due to saturation of midazolam first-pass metabolism. This ist not expected to have any clinical significance under the conditions of therapeutic use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547375
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics following multiple intramuscular dosing (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ceftriaxone ; intramuscular ; pharmacokinetics ; steady-state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The steady-state pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ceftriaxone after multiple i.m. doses of 0.5 and 1 g q12 h for 3.5 days were investigated in 12 healthy, adult volunteers. Ceftriaxone was rapidly absorbed after i.m. administration with mean peak times ranging from 1.3 to 1.9 h. Steady-state plasma concentrations were apparent after the third dose of both dosage regimens, with trough plasma concentrations of 24±6 and 39±8 µg/ml (mean±SD) after the 0.5 and 1 g q12 h regimens, respectively. Multiple i.m. administrations of ceftriaxone did not alter its elimination half-life; however, small increases were observed in the plasma clearance and volume of distribution at the 1-g regimen. These increases were attributed to the non-linear binding of ceftriaxone to human plasma proteins, and are therapeutically unimportant. Ceftriaxone was well tolerated and serious or lasting adverse reactions were not encountered in the study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 bacteriophage receptors (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; PAO1 ; Phage PIK ; Receptor ; Lipopolysacharide ; Lipopolysaccharide inactivation by sugars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Receptor for phage PIK specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 was studied. Phage PIK was strongly inactivated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)_in vitro, exhibiting a PhI50 of 4.8 μg/ml. Further it was noted that this inactivation by LPS was reduced to 50% by several mono- and disaccharides when tested in vitro. d-glucosamine, d-mannose and l-rhamnose were found to be most effective at the concentration of 0.045 M, 0.25 M and 0.35 M respectively. This suggests the possibility that phage PIK receptor in LPS contains d-mannose, l-rhamnose and d-glucosamine. Either one of the former two could be located at a terminal position alpha-linked to the adjacent residue or located internally in the polysaccharide chain linked through its C-4 position. A theoretical approach to the interpretation of phage cell interaction was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408026
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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