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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • Magnetic properties  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and magnetic properties of Co2Al4Si5O18 and Mn2Al4Si5O18 cordierite (1999)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 26 (1999), S. 521-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Cordierite ; Order/disorder ; Neutron powder diffraction ; Magnetic properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures, lattice dynamics and magnetic properties of synthetic Co-cordierite, Co2Al4Si5O18, and Mn-cordierite, Mn2Al4Si5O18 have been studied by neutron powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and magnetisation measurements. Due to different synthesis conditions, the Co-cordierite used here crystallised in the hexagonal α-cordierite structure with a disordered Si/Al distribution in the framework, while for the Mn-cordierite the orthorhombic β-structure has been determined. The experimentally determined paramagnetic moments, exp (Mn) = 5.47(6) B and exp (Co) = 3.88(4) B , are in good agreement with theoretical predictions for octahedrally coordinated Mn2+ and Co2+, respectively. In both compounds there is no magnetic long-range order down to at least 1.5 K. However, the onset of an anti-ferromagnetic short-range correlation of magnetic moments along [001] has been observed for Mn-cordierite by magnetisation and neutron diffraction measurements. This short-range magnetic correlation becomes evident from diffuse scattering observed at 2 K. The diffuse scattering has been interpreted in terms of a Blech-Averbach function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050215
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einzelergebnisse aus laufenden Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von Kupferrohren in Trink- und Brauchwässern und Darstellung des neuesten Standes der Gesamtschadensentwicklung von Kupferrohren (1972)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 23 (1972), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Individual results from current research into the behaviour of copper tubing in potable and industrial waters, and presentation of the most recent state of overall failure evolution of copper tubesThe number of corrosion failures, in particular in cold-water systems has decreased despite increasing use of copper as tube material; this fact is attricuted to improved manufacturing techniques. On the other hand it has not been possible to elucidate the mechanism of another type of corrosion sometimes encountered in water of higher temperatures, because in this case the freedom of the surface from carbon films does not seem to be a decisive factor. While in the case of cold-water systems pitting with pits being covered by corrosion products (carbonates, at the pit base chlorides) is the characteristics aspect, pronounced formation of surface layers is encountered in the warm-water systems, the layers being of very variable thickness and covering single pits. In this case the water composition seems to be a dominating factor.
    Notes: Die Zahl der Korrosionsfälle besonders in Kaltwasserleitungen ist trotz steigenden Einsatzes von Kupferrohren zurückgegangen, vor allem aufgrund der verbesserten Fertigungstechnik. Dagegen konnte eine vereinzelt in Wasser höherer Temperatur auftretende Korrosionsform noch nicht eindeutig geklärt werden, weil hierbei die Freiheit der Cu-Oberfläche von Kohlenstoffilmen keine ausschlaggebende Rolle spielt. Während im Falle der Kaltwassersysteme Lochfraß mit Überdeckung der Lochfraßstellen durch Korrosionsprodukte (Carbonate, am Grund Chloride) charakteristisch ist, findet man im Falle der Warmwassersysteme ausgeprägte Schichtbildung stark wechselnder Dicke mit vereinzelten Lochfraßstellen. Hierbei scheint die Wasserzusammensetzung eine entscheidende Rolle zu spielen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19720230402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen an Deckschichten in KupferrohrenBericht über Arbeiten aus den Laboratorien der Kabel- und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshütte AG., Hannover.Vortrag im Rahmen der Tagung „Korrosion in Kalt- und Warmwassersystemen der Hausinstallation“ am 3. und 4. Oktober 1974 in Bad Nauheim, veranstaltet von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Metallkunde (1975)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of studies into surface layers in copper tubingSurface layers of various compositions are formed in copper tubing for potable and industrial waters under service conditions and depending on water conditions. A first classification may be made in macroscopic terms; the composition of the layers is determined by chemical wet analysis and by X-ray investigations. On the basis of these findings it is possible to work out a systematic classification which provides a justification of the classification by types given above. Tests with different waters made in parallel enable the individual types of layers to be correlated with water conditions. The examination of corrosion failures on copper tubes from potable and industrial water systems has shown that defined types of corrosion may by correlated with defined types of surface layers. Finally the authors deal with the causes of corrosion in copper tubing.
    Notes: In Kupferrohren für Trink- und Brauchwasser bilden sich während des Betriebes je nach Wasserverhältnissen unterschiedliche Deckschichten aus.Sie können zunächst makroskopisch in die Typen I bis III unterteilt werden. Durch naßchemische und röntgenografische Untersuchungen wurde die Zusammensetzung der Schichten ermittelt. Hierdurch konnte eine Systematik erarbeitet werden, die die Einteilung nach Typen rechtfertigt.Durch parallele Untersuchungen von Wässern wird es möglich, eine Zuordnung der einzelnen Schichttypen zu Wasserverhältnissen zu geben.Bei der Untersuchung von Korrosionsschäden an Kupferrohren aus Trink- und Brauchwasseranlagen ergab sich, daß bestimmte Korrosionsformen den definierten Schicht-typen zugeordnet werden können. Zur Abrundung wird auf Ursachen für das Auftreten von Korrosion bei Kupferrohren eingegangen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19750260402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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