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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perseverative behaviour after amphetamine; dissociation of response tendency from reward association (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Reversal learning ; Marmoset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low doses of amphetamine were found to alter the ability of marmosets to take account of changes in reward values of object stimuli in a visual discrimination task. Under amphetamine, animals changed their motor responses and stimulus choice in order to preserve the acquired reward value or meaning of certain stimuli. These results suggest that the perseverative effect of amphetamine on behaviour is due to impaired cognitive flexibility rather than to an enhancement of motor habit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432439
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholinergic learning deficits in the marmoset produced by scopolamine and ICV hemicholinium (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 83 (1984), S. 340-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Memory ; Learning ; Scopolamine ; Hemicholinium ; Marmoset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were trained to perform daily position discrimination learning tasks in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus. Acetylcholine receptor blockade with scopolamine was found to impair position learning. Testing on the day after scopolamine treatment suggested that a task learnt under scopolamine was not encoded into long term memory. Acetylcholine depletion achieved by the intraventricular injection of hemicholinium 4 h before testing resulted in a profound impairment of position discrimination learning. It is suggested that central acetylcholine depletion in primates may provide a useful model of senile dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428542
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amphetamine disrupts successive but not simultaneous visual discrimination in the monkey (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 67 (1980), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Marmoset ; Go/No go ; Frontal lobes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three adolescent marmosets were trained on simultaneous and successive versions of a red-white visual discrimination task. The effects of doses of 0.2–1.2 mg/kg d-amphetamine on the performance of these tasks were assessed using a balanced design. It was found that while there was no drug effect on performance of the simultaneous task, amphetamine exerted a dose dependent disruptive effect on the successive version of the task. It is argued that amphetamine disrupts response control rather than discriminative ability and, in this respect, resembles the effect of orbitofrontal and limbic lesions in contrast to other neocortical lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431263
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Go here-go there” performance after amphetamine: The importance of the response requirement in successive discrimination (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 271-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; “Go here-go there” ; Marmoset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Marmosets were trained on a task involving simultaneous and successive visual discrimination performance where responses were required on all trials. performance of this task was not affected by low doses of amphetamine. From this it is concluded that amphetamine does not cause a narrowing of attention and that the disruptive effect of amphetamine on the “go-no go” successive discrimination task already reported is due to a loss of response inhibition rather than to difficulties in the recognition of stimuli presented without a comparison stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433094
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the behavioural effects of embryonic nigral grafts in the caudate nucleus and in the putamen of marmosets with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 103 (1995), S. 355-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dopaminergic grafts ; Caudate nucleus Putamen ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Marmoset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The behaviour of marmosets with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal bundle and grafts of embryonic mesencephalon in either the caudate nucleus or the putamen was compared with that of lesion-alone and unoperated controls. The grafts comprised injections of cell suspensions prepared from marmoset ventral mesencephalon (i.e. allografts) targeted at four sites either entirely within the caudate nucleus or entirely within the putamen. Behavioural tests, including measures of amphetamine-induced rotation, neglect and use of each arm to retrieve food from inside tubes, were given before and after the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion and at regular intervals for 6 months after transplantation surgery. Grafts in the caudate nucleus reduced the ipsilateral rotation induced by amphetamine, whereas grafts in the putamen did not. Despite the absence of an effect on rotation, the putamen grafts were effective in reducing lesion-induced deficits on the task in which the marmosets were required to reach into tubes. In this latter task, the caudate grafts were also effective when the monkeys were given a free choice of which hand to use. However, when constrained to use the hand contralateral to the lesion and graft, the performance of the marmosets with caudate grafts was not significantly improved compared with that of lesion-alone controls. Neither the grafts in the caudate nucleus nor the grafts in the putamen abolished the contralateral somatosensory neglect induced by the lesion, although there was a trend for the marmosets with putamen grafts to contact the label on the contralateral side more quickly than those with caudate grafts or the lesion-alone controls. These results demonstrate that the location of embryonic nigral grafts within the primate striatum influences the profile of functional recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241495
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural effects of intracerebral amphetamine in the marmoset (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 81 (1983), S. 18-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Intracerebral amphetamine ; Accumbens ; Caudate ; Behaviour ; Marmoset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Marmosets were implanted bilaterally with guide cannulae so that d-amphetamine could be delivered to sites within the anterior neostriatum. Six animals received a series of bilateral amphetamine (20 μg) and saline injections to six sites 1 mm apart on a line passing through the caudate and accumbens nuclei. A second group of six animals received a range of doses (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 μg) of amphetamine bilaterally to one caudate and one accumbens site only. Drug injected into the accumbens produced a dose-related increase in checking (small head movements) and locomotion and a decrease in social interaction and inactivity. Drug injected into the caudate did not affect these behaviours, except for checking which was increased by the highest dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439267
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social withdrawal following amphetamine administration to marmosets (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 222-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Social behaviour ; Nucleus accumbens ; Caudate nucleus ; Marmoset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Approaches and leaves from social encounters by marmosets which had received amphetamine injected either intramuscularly or into the nucleus accumbens or caudate nucleus were recorded and used to determine whether social behaviour was disrupted as a result of behavioural competition or more active social withdrawal. The social isolation observed after the marmosets had received an IM injection of amphetamine (2 mg/kg) was not due to drug-induced increases in alternative behaviours. Drugged animals immediately withdrew from social encounters, interrupting their stereotypies in order to do so, whenever they were approached by an undrugged animal. In contrast, the reduced time spent in social encounters following amphetamine injections into the nucleus accumbens (10, 20 or 40 μg) appeared to be a direct consequence of the concurrent increase in locomotion. Animals continued to initiate social encounters despite being hyperactive. Amphetamine injections into the caudate nucleus were without effect on any of the social or individual behavioural measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442812
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ibotenic acid lesions of the basal forebrain on serial reversal learning in marmosets (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 86 (1985), S. 438-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Ibotenic acid ; Basal nucleus ; Learning ; Marmoset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) received unilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the basal forebrain. Seven days post-operatively, choline acetyltransferase activity was reduced by 60% in frontal cortex and 40% in temporal cortex in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side. Four animals receiving bilateral lesions of the same area were impaired on the first post-operative task of serial reversal learning when compared with four animals receiving bilateral saline injections. Although their performance improved with time, the lesioned animals were subequently impaired following administration of a low dose of scopolamine which did not affect the control group. These results show that lesions within the basal forebrain can affect cholinergic function in the cortex and impair learning ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427905
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of the behavioural effects of amphetamine by a GABA agonist in a primate species (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 64 (1979), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Muscimol ; Marmoset ; Checking ; Gnawing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute administration of d-amphetamine in the marmoset results in a dose dependent increase in small head movements (checking), and an almost total suppression of purposeful activities and social interaction. It has little effect on locomotion and does not induce stereotyped gnawing. The GABA-agonist, muscimol, decreases checking, locomotion, activities and social interaction when given alone, but induces jerking movements at large doses. When administered in combination with amphetamine, muscimol induces persistent stereotyped gnawing. On the basis of the present findings and those of experiments in rodents it is suggested that compulsive gnawing results from overactivity in the striatal efferent pathway, while checking is probably mediated by extra-striatal sites. Since the behavioural effects of muscimol resemble those of the typical neuroleptics with the exception of the induction of gnawing, it is suggested that muscimol, though sedative, may counteract certain extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptic treatment while facilitating their other behavioural effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496062
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of arecoline and pilocarpine on learning ability in marmosets pretreated with hemicholinium-3 (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 91 (1987), S. 512-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Hemicholinium ; Arecoline ; Pilocarpine ; Learning ; Memory ; Marmoset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were trained to perform serial reversal position discrimination tasks in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus. Intraventricular injection of hemicholinium-3 4 h before testing resulted in a profound impairment of position discrimination learning which could be overcome by the intramuscular administration of low doses of the muscarinic agonists, arecoline or pilocarpine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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