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  • Midazolam  (2)
  • Nicotinic receptors  (2)
  • Mecamylamine Locomotor activity  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Midazolam cue in rats: Generalization tests with anxiolytic and other drugs (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Midazolam ; Benzodiazepines ; Pentobarbitone ; Drug discrimination ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Some characteristics of the discriminative stimulus (cue) effects of midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, have been determined in rats. A standard two-bar operant conditioning procedure with food reinforcers delivered on a tandem schedule was used. The 0.4 mg/kg dose of midazolam used for training was well discriminated, typically yielding at least 95% correct responding. Other benzodiazepines increased the percentage of drug-appropriate responding in a dose-related manner and were generalized at doses which had little effect on the overall rate of responding. Doses of pentobarbitone which greatly reduced the overall rate of responding were also generalized with midazolam. Amphetamine, oxotremorine, picrotoxin, morphine, nicotine, quipazine and Ro 15-1788 were not generalized, even at doses which severely suppressed overall response rates. The midazolam cue possesses a considerable degree of specificity and provides a potentially useful assay for drug action at the benzodiazepine receptor complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431814
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Midazolam cue in rats: Effects of Ro 15-1788 and picrotoxin (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 89 (1986), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Midazolam ; Benzodiazepines ; Pentobarbitone ; Ro 15-1788 ; Picrotoxin ; Nicotine ; Drug discrimination ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The discriminative stimulus effect of midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, was used for testing the effects of drugs thought to act as antagonists at different sites in the proposed benzodiazepine receptor complex. Rats were trained in a standard two-bar operant conditioning procedure with food reinforcers delivered on a tandem schedule. The 0.4 mg/kg dose of midazolam used for training was well discriminated, typically yielding at least 95% correct responding. The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788 blocked the discriminative effect of midazolam but did not influence generalization to pentobarbitone (7.5 mg/kg). The indirect GABA antagonist picrotoxin attenuated both generalization to pentobarbitone and its response rate-reducing effect. Picrotoxin had no effect on the discriminative effect of midazolam at 0.4 mg/kg but it blocked the effect of 01 mg/kg. Even in doses which reduced overall response rates, nicotine did not block discrimination of midazolam (0.4 mg/kg). The results are consistent with models which postulate a GABA-linked ion channel which is a site of action for barbiturates and which is “downstream” of the benzodiazepine receptor itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310626
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discriminative stimulus properties of nicotine: Further evidence for mediation at a cholinergic receptor (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 81 (1983), S. 54-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Drug discrimination ; Cytisine ; Anabasine ; Nicotinic receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate nicotine (0.4 mg/kg SC) from saline in a standard two-bar operant conditioning procedure with food reinforcement. The response to nicotine was dose-related and at the ED50 of 0.14 mg/kg, plasma nicotine concentrations were similar to those reported previously for cigarette smokers who inhale. The nicotine analogues anabasine and cytisine increased nicotine-appropriate responding in a dose-related manner. Animals predominantly responded on the saline-associated lever when administered drugs from a range of pharmacological classes, even at doses that were sufficiently large to reduce the overall numbers of responses. The results confirm that the nicotine discriminative stimulus is highly specific. Previous work has shown anabasine and cytisine to be active at nicotinic-cholinergic binding sites in rat brain. The finding that there is some correlation between the behavioural effects of these compounds and their actions at the nicotine binding site may indicate that the nicotine cue is mediated throuth a cholinergic receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439274
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural effects of the nicotinic agonists N-(3-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine and isoarecolone in rats (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 521-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; N-(3-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine ; Isoarecolone ; Nicotinic receptors ; Locomotor activity ; Drug discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nicotinic agonists N-(3-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine (PMP) and isoarecolone have been compared with (−)-nicotine in three behavioural procedures and as inhibitors of [3H]-(−)-nicotine binding. Locomotor activity was recorded as movements between beams of infra-red light (ambulation). In experimentally naive rats, nicotine, PMP and isoarecolone reduced ambulation. In rats receiving nicotine chronically and previously exposed to the activity cages, nicotine and PMP increased ambulation in a dose-related manner. However, isoarecolone did not increase ambulation at doses that were active in other procedures. In rats trained to discriminate nicotine from saline in a two-bar operant conditioning procedure with food reinforcement, there was full generalization to PMP. It was also found that PMP potently inhibited the binding of [3H]-(−)-nicotine to rat brain membranes in vitro. These results were discussed with previous data for the discriminative stimulus and ligand-binding effects of isoarecolone obtained under similar conditions. The relative potency of PMP in different behavioural procedures was similar to that of (−)-nicotine. However, isoarecolone was relatively 10 times more potent in decreasing ambulation than would have been expected from its potency in the ligand-binding and discriminative stimulus procedures. The results suggest that the pharmacodynamic action of isoarecolone differs from that of nicotine and PMP, and that it will be a useful probe in further analyses of central nicotinic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247135
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissociations between the locomotor stimulant and depressant effects of nicotinic agonists in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 430-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Lobeline ; Isoarecolone ; Nornicotine ; Anabasine ; Cytisine ; Mecamylamine Locomotor activity ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of nicotine and related compounds on locomotor activity were compared in experimentally naive rats and in animals chronically exposed to nicotine and the photocell test chambers. In experimentally naive rats, all nicotinic compounds decreased locomotion in a dose-related manner and the rank order of potency was (−)-nicotine〉(+)-nornicotine〉(+)-nicotine 〉 cytisine 〉 lobeline 〉 anabasine. Mecamylamine attenuated the locomotor depressant effects of most of the agonists, except lobeline. In rats previously exposed to nicotine and the test apparatus for several weeks, (−)-nicotine increased locomotor activity in a dose-related manner, with a maximal increase to 400% of baseline at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg. One or more doses of (+)-nicotine, (+)-nornicotine and anabasine also increased locomotor activity in these animals, although the maximal effects seen were in all cases less than the maximal effect of (−)-nicotine. Cytisine and lobeline failed to increase locomotor activity at any dose tested. These conclusions were not altered by consideration of the time-courses for the effects of the different drugs. Thus, the results confirm that the locomotor stimulant and depressant effects of nicotine can be dissociated from each other, a finding that may be explained by differences in their actions at nicotinic receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246215
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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