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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depression by nicotine of pain-related nociceptive activity in the rat thalamus and spinal cord (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1993), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Analgesia ; Nociception ; Thalamus ; Spinal cord ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To assess the possible role of nicotinergic control in nociception and pain, experiments were carried out on rats under urethane anesthesia in which nociceptive activity was elicited by electrical stimulation of afferent C fibers in the sural nerve and recorded from single neurones in the thalamus and from ascending axons in the spinal cord. Intravenous administration of nicotine (0.01–0.5 mg/kg) depressed the nociceptive activity evoked in the thalamus and the spinal cord in a dose-dependent way. The maximum depression in thalamus and spinal cord was 40% of control activity and obtained at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg. Likewise, local administration of nicotine to the spinal cord by intrathecal injection (5, 10, and 30 μg) reduced the nociceptive activity evoked in neurones of the thalamus and in ascending axons of the spinal cord, the maximum of the depression being 40% of control activity. The depressant effect of nicotine (0.05 mg/kg) was reduced by mecamylamine (1 mg/kg) but not by atropine (0.5 mg/kg). It is concluded that the antinociceptive effect of nicotine is due to a specific action of the alcaloid at the spinal level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231121
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute effects of vitamin B6 and fixed combinations of vitamin B1, B6, B12 on nociceptive activity evoked in the rat thalamus: Dose-response relationship and combinations with morphine and paracetamol (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Vitamin B combination ; Vitamin B6 ; Combined administration: Morphine/Paracetamol ; Antinociception ; Evoked nociceptive activity ; Analgesia ; Thalamus ; Rat ; Acute experiment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nociceptive activity was elicited in neurones of the thalamus by supramaximal electrical stimulation of afferent C fibres in the sural nerve of rats under urethane anesthesia. The fixed combination of vitamin B1, B6, B12 (Neurobion®) as well as of vitamin B6 administered by i.p. injection dose-dependently reduced the evoked nociceptive activity. The ED50 of Neurobion® is 4.6 ml/kg (at 100 min after injection) and that of vitamin B6 is 189mg/kg (at 90 min after injection). The minimum effective doses of Neurobion® and vitamin B6 are 0.5 ml/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. When Neurobion® or vitamin B6 were given at their minimum effective doses, and the minimum effective doses of morphine (0.025 mg/kg) or paracetamol (5 mg/kg) were injected i.v. 80 min later, i.e., when the maximum effect of higher doses of Neurobion® or vitamin B6was about to develop, no supraadditive effect developed. It is concluded that the antinociceptive effect caused by a single injection of Neurobion® is largely due to vitamin B6. Vitamin B12 may contribute to this effect, whereas vitamin B1 alone exhibited only a slight effect on nociception. Moreover, it appears that Neurobion® produces its antinociceptive effect after a single injection and after repeated administration during several days by different mechanisms so that the effect of analgesic agents is not enhanced following a single injection of Neurobion® but may be enhanced after repeated administration of the compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646861
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of physostigmine and tetrabenazine on spinal motor control and its inhibition by drugs which influence reserpine rigidity (1969)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 263 (1969), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Spinalmotorische Aktivität ; Physostigmin ; Tetrabenazin ; Monoaminergica ; Cholinolytica ; Antiparkinsonstoffe ; Phenytoin ; Spinal Motor Activity ; Physostigmine ; Tetrabenazine ; Monoaminergic Agents ; Cholinolytic Agents ; Antiparkinson Drugs ; Phenytoin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of monoaminergic (DOPA, metamphetamine, propylhexedrine) and cholinolytic agents (atropine, biperiden, caramiphen, trihexyphenidyl) on spinal motor control disturbed by physostigmine and tetrabenazine was studied in the rat. In addition the anticonvulsant agent phenytoin was included in the investigation. Physostigmine and tetrabenazine produced rigidity, increased α reflex discharge, shortened the latency of α reflex discharge and decreased γ reflex discharge. Rigidity as well as the action of physostigmine and tetrabenazine on α motor activity were inhibited by the drugs. The results are in accordance with the hypothesis that parkinsonlike rigidity in the rat results from hyperactivity of the α motor system, which is due to an imbalance between monoaminergic and cholinergic mechanisms in the brain.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von monoaminergen (DOPA, Metamphetamin, Propylhexedrin) und cholinolytischen (Atropin, Biperiden, Caramiphen, Trihexyphenidyl) Substanzen auf die durch Physostigmin und Tetrabenazin gestörte Kontrolle der spinalen Motorik wurde an Ratten geprüft. Zusätzlich wurde das Anticonvulsivum Phenytoin in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Unter dem Einfluß von Physostigmin und Tetrabenazin entwickelte sich ein Rigor, die reflektorische Entladung von α-Motoneuronen wurde gesteigert, die Latenz der reflektorischen α-Entladung verkürzt und die Aktivität der γ-Motoneurone vermindert. Die monoaminergen und cholinolytischen Substanzen dämpften den Rigor und die gesteigerte Reflexaktivität der α-Motoneurone. Die Befunde stehen in Einklang mit der Ansicht, daß der parkinsonähnliche Rigor der Ratte auf einer Hyperaktivität des α-motorischen Systems beruht, die ihrerseits Folge des gestörten Gleichgewichtes zwischen monoaminergen und cholinergen Systemen des Gehirns ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00538776
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of the effect of reserpine on motor control by drugs which influence reserpine rigidity (1969)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 262 (1969), S. 309-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Spinal motor activity ; Reserpine ; Monoaminergic agents ; Cholinolytic agents ; Antiparkinson drugs ; Phenytoin ; spinalmotorische ; Aktivität ; Reserpin ; Monoaminergica ; Cholinolytica ; Antiparkinsonstoffe Phenytoin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of monoaminergic (DOPA, metamphetamine, propylhexedrine) and cholinolytic agents (atropine, biperiden, caramiphen, trihexyphenidyl) on α and γ reflex discharge from the spinal cord was studied in the rat. For comparison, the anticonvulsant phenytoin was included in the investigation. All drugs antagonized the action of a high dose of reserpine on motor control by reducing the increased α and increasing the diminished γ reflex activity. The latency of α reflex discharge shortened by reserpine was increased by the drugs. The results provide further support of the view that disturbance of motor control caused by reserpine in the rat derives from an imbalance between monoaminergic and cholinergic systems in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00538433
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ipsilateral diminution of CRF-granules after unilateral hypothalamic lesions (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 215-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF-granules ; Adrenalectomy ; Hypothalamic lesions ; Rat ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Axons terminating in the outer layer of the median eminence of rats contain light microscopically visible granules. The granules are assumed to represent a corticotropin-releasing factor and, therefore, are called CRF granules. To find out whether neurons containing CRF-granules originate and run together with the neurons of the hypothalamus-neural lobe system (HNS), the effect of unilateral lesions in the HNS on the amount and distribution of CRF-granules was studied in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats. HNS lesions prevented the adrenalectomy-induced increase in CRF granules on the side of the lesion. Lesions outside the HNS or sham lesions did not influence the amount and distribution of the granules. The findings suggest that CRF-granules are located in terminals of neurons whose perikarya are situated in magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei. It can also be concluded that the axons of these neurons run within the HNS and do not decussate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220666
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