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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 363-373 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cenchrus ; Desmodium ; Mycorrhiza ; N source ; Paspalum ; Phosphate rock ; Stylosanthes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The response of plant dry matter to addition of a low grade Brazillian (Patos) phosphate rock was increased by mycorrhizal inoculation (strain E3) ofStylosanthes guianensis andDesmodium intortum, but less so by inoculation ofCenchrus ciliaris andPaspalum plicatulum. The effect was related partly to the extent of root development. In the presence of a nitrification inhibitor the utilisation of Potos rock phosphate by Paspalum was higher with NH 4 + -N than with NO3-N. This effect was attributed to acidification which in turn was related to the organic anion content of the plants. The results indicate the potential for improving the utilization of the low grade phosphate rock on an acid oxisol by mycorrhizal inoculation of herbage legumes and by soil acidification when growing grasses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 1 (1980), S. 53-64 
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: kinetin ; nitrite reductase ; photosynthetic apparatus ; Sinapis alba ; strong light adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkung von Kinetin auf die Entwicklung von Primarblattern von Senfpflanzen untersucht. Die Behandlung mit Kinetin (6 ppm) bewirkte eine Erhöhung des Trochengewichtes, der Gehalte an löslichen, reduzierend wirkenden Zuckern, an löslichem Protein, Chlorophyllen, Karotinoiden und Cytochrom f, sowie eine Erhöhung des Quotienten von Chlorophyll a zu Chlorophyll b, eine verstärkten Einbau von CO2 pro Frischgewicht und eine Erhöhung der Nitritreduktase-Aktivität. Diese Auswirkungen sind den durch Starklicht und Blaulicht hervorgerufenen Anpassungsreaktionen vergleichbar. Andererseits zeigten die Hill-Reaktion (gemessen als Reduktion von Ferricyanid), die CO2 Fixierung pro Chlorophyll, der Quotient von Chlorophyll zu Cytochrom f und der Quotient von Protein zu Chlorophyll keire Veränderungen. Dies weist darauf hin, daß die durch Kinetin und durch Licht hervorgerufenen Anpassungsreaktionen durch verschiedene Kausalketten bedingt werden.
    Notes: Abstract The influence of kinetin during the development of primary leaves of Sinapis alba was investigated. Kinetin treatment (6 ppm) induced an increase of dry weight, of soluble reducing sugars, soluble protein, chlorophylls, carotenoids and cytochrome f; a higher ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b, higher rates of CO2 fixation per fresh weight and higher activity of nitrite reductase, were also found. These effects are comparable with strong and blue light adaptations. On the other hand, the Hill activity with ferricyanide as the electron acceptor, the rates of CO2 fixation per chlorophyll, the ratios of chlorophyll to cytochrome f and of protein to chlorophyll did not change. Therefore we assume that the kinetin induced and the light induced adaptations are brought about by different causal reaction chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 233-242 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Glomus mosseae ; Labile phosphate ; Mycorrhiza ; VA mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inoculation of lettuce, onion and clover with VA mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae) increased plant yields and phosphate uptake in three soils that had been depleted in phosphate. From two soils in which the labile pool of phosphate had been labelled with32P, the specific activity of plant phosphate was the same whether the plants were mycorrhizal or non-mycorrhizal. In a third soil (Sonning) the specific activity was lower in lettuce and clover when the plants were mycorrhizal. When the experiment was repeated with the same soil under conditions that gave lower growth rates, the specific activity was the same in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. The lower specific activity in lettuce and clover in the first experiment is atributed to greater release of slowly exchanging phosphate (which is not in equilibrium with the added32P), caused by the high uptake of phosphate by the mycorrhizal plants. When they occur, lower specific activities in mycorrhizal plants may therefore not necessarily indicate a solubilizing effect of the mycorrhiza on soil phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 1 (1980), S. 71-81 
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: indole-3-acetic-acid ; low-light adaptation ; nitrite reductase ; photosynthetic apparatus ; Sinapis alba
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Auxin (IES) auf die Entwicklung der Primärblätter von Senfpflanzen wurde untersucht. Die Behandlung mit IES (4 ppm ≈ 22.8 μM) führte zu einer Erniedrigung des Trockengewichtes, der Gehalte an löslichen, reduzierend wirkenden Zuckern, an löslichem Protein, Chlorophyllen, Karotinoiden und Cytochrom f. Außerdem wurden die Quotienten von Protein zu Chlorophyll und von Chlorophyll a zu Chlorophyll b gesenkt und es kam zu einer Erhöhung des Verhältnisses von Chlorophyll zu Cytochrom f. Darüberhinaus bewirkte die Behandlung mit IES eine deutliche Abnahme der CO2-Fixierungsrate und eine Verringerung der Nitritreduktase-Aktivität. Diese Effekte stimmen gut mit Anpassungsreaktionen überein, die durch Rotlicht oder Schwachlicht hervorgerufen werden.
    Notes: Abstract The influence of indole-3-acetic-acid (IAA) during the development of primary leaves of Sinapis alba was studied. IAA treatment (4 ppm ≈ 22.8 μM) caused a decrease of dry weight, soluble reducing sugars, soluble protein, chlorophylls, carotenoids and cytochrome f; it also caused a lower ratio of protein to chlorophyll, a lower ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b and a higher ratio of chlorophyll per cytochrome f. Furthermore, IAA treatment induced a significantly lower rate of CO2 fixation and a depressed nitrite reductase activity. Similar effects could also be observed in adaptation reactions brought about by red light and low-light (or shade) conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: cytochrome f ; electron transport ; ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase ; light activation ; Sinapis alba ; Valerianella locusta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Absorbance changes associated with the oxidation and reduction of cytochrome f belong to the classical observations about the interaction of the two photosystems. A complex induction pattern of cytochrome f oxidation results, if both photosystems are excited simultaneously. This indicates a light-modulated regulation of the photosynthetic electron transport, which we examined for intact biological systems of decreasing complexity. The ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase (FNR) is suggested to be activated by light and inactivated in the dark. This is pointed out by the kinetics of variable fluorescence and by the influence of different artificial electron acceptors on the cytochrome f kinetics. The photoreduction of NADP+ by carefully prepared thylakoids demonstrates the activation process directly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 2 (1981), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: high-light plants ; low-light plants ; manganese ; nutrient ; oxygen-evolving site ; Sinapis alba
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Mangangehalt von Thylakoiden und Gewebe aus Starklicht- und Schwachlichtblättern wurde untersucht. Besonders bei Pflanzen, welche unter erhöhtem Manganangebot (20 μM) angezogen wurden, besaßen die Thylakoide sehr viel Mangan, welches durch Waschen mit EDTA entfernt werden konnte, ohne die Hill-Aktivität zu beeinträchtigen. In Thylakoiden aus Pflanzen, welche unter normalem (2 μM) und reduziertem (0,2 μM) Manganangebot gewachsen waren, unterschied sich der nicht entfernbare Mangangehalt nicht sehr. Dies scheint die untere Grenze des Mangangehalts zu sein, bis zu welchem die Hill-Aktivität noch nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Schwachlicht-Thylakoide besitzen 1,2 Atome Mn pro 100 Chlorophyllmoleküle, während Starklicht-Thylakoide 1,6 Atome Mn pro 100 Chlorophyllmoleküle enthalten. Dies gleicht dem Verhalten anderer Komponenten des Elektronentransports, welche ebenfalls im Starklicht vermehrt vorkommen. Die Unterschiede im Mangangehalt sind jedoch geringer als die Unterschiede im Gehalt von z.B. Cytochrom f und Ferredoxin. Dies könnte auf einen konstanten Anteil von Mangan zurückzuführen sein, welcher nicht am wasserspaltenden System beteiligt ist. Wenn jedoch das gesamte gemessene Mangan am Elektronentransport zum PS II beteiligt ist, könnte dies ein Hinweis sein, daß in Schwachlicht-Chloroplasten sich das Verhältnis der PS II-/PS I-Komponenten etwas vergrößert.
    Notes: Abstract The manganese content of thylakoids and tissues was measured in leaves grown under high- and low-light conditions. Especially when grown in a nutrient medium enriched in manganese (20 μM), the thylakoids contained large amounts of manganese, which could be removed by EDTA washing without impairment of the Hill reaction. The unremovable content of manganese was almost the same in thylakoids from plants grown in nutrient media of normal (2 μM) and reduced (0.2 μM) manganese content. Up to this limit of manganese content, Hill activity did not seem to be impaired. 1.2 atoms Mn per 100 molecules chlorophyll were found in low-light thylakoids and 1.6 atoms Mn in high-light thylakoids. This is similar to the behaviour of other electron transport components, the number of which is also decreased under low-light conditions. However, the decrease in the manganese content is not as striking as the decrease in, for example, the cytochrome f and ferredoxin content. This may be attributed to an invariable pool of manganese which is not involved in the oxygen evolving system. Alternatively, if all of our measured manganese is involved in electron transport to PS II, this could indicate that in low-light chloroplasts the ratio of PS II/PS I components may be somewhat increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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