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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine intake and dependence in Swedish snuff takers (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Snuff ; Nicotine ; Cotinine ; Dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two studies examining nicotine intake in users of Swedish moist oral snuff are reported. Absorption form a single pinch (2 g) in ten users after overnight abstinence was fairly rapid. The increment in plasma nicotine concentrations averaged 9.9 ng/ml (SD 6.5) after 10 min and peaked at 14.5 ng/ml (SD 4.6) shortly after discarding at 30 min. Among groups of habitual snuff takers (n=27) and cigarette smokers (n=35) studied on a day of normal snuffing/smoking, peak blood nicotine levels after use were similar [averaging 36.6 ng/ml (SD 14.4) and 36.7 ng/ml (SD 16.1), respectively], but there was a tendency to higher cotinine levels in the snuffers (399.2 ng/ml versus 306.3 ng/ml). The snuff takers and cigarette smokers reported similar levels of subjective dependence on tobacco. Epidemiological study of Swedish snuff users could clarify whether the cardiovascular risks of tobacco are attributable to nicotine or to other smoke components, as in their case nicotine intake is not accompanied by combustion products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247429
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-smokers show acute tolerance to subcutaneous nicotine (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 56-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cigarette smoking ; Nicotine tolerance ; Nicotine pharmacokinetics ; Subcutaneous dosage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma nicotine concentrations following subcutaneous (SC) injection were measured in six subjects who included three life-long nonsmokers. On average, a peak plasma level of 8.5 ng/ml (SD=3.1) was reached 15 min after the mean dose of 13.25 µg/kg nicotine base. Subjective effects were reported by five subjects. The peak heart rate response (mean boost 11 beats per min at 10 min) preceded and was already declining by the time plasma nicotine concentrations peaked. Hysteresis plots showed clear evidence of acute nicotine tolerance in subjects who had never smoked, indicating that acute tolerance is not an acquired phenomenon. The acquisition by smokers of chronic tolerance to nicotine has not yet been systematically demonstrated. Reliable dose-response studies in smokers and nonsmokers are needed, and use of the SC route for this purpose is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245744
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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