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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen transformations in tropical soils under conventional and sustainable farming systems (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 252-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrification ; Tropical soil ; Sustainable farming ; Nitrifier population ; Management practices ; Crop rotation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Samples of alluvial soil from mixed sandstone shale and slate and of Taiwan clay were collected from two sites, both managed under a similar crop rotation scheme. The fields were further divided into sections which were managed under either conventional farming or sustainable farming practices. When the soil samples were collected in April 1989, after 1 year of operation under conventional or sustainable practices, the nitrification activities of both soils managed under sustainable practices practices. The nitrifying activities in Taiwan clay samples collected in April 1993 which had been managed with chemical or with organic fertilizer were not significantly different. However, nitrifying activity in the alluvial soil was higher under sustainable than under conventional practices. Numbers of NH 4 + -oxidizing bacteria were not significantly different in any of the soil samples irrespective of the different management practices. In contrast, higher numbers of NO 2 - -oxidizing bacteria were detected in both soils managed sustainably. The results also indicated that the composition of NH 4 + -oxidizing bacteria differed in the alluvial soil when managed with different kinds of fertilizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334900
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic antibiotic resistance and competition in fast- and slow-growing soybean rhizobia on a hybrid of Asian and US cultivars (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 66-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Antibiotic resistance ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Competition ; Rhizobium fredii ; Soybean nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Six fast-growing soybean rhizobia (Rhizobium fredii) and thirteen slow-growing soybean rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) were examined for resistance to 10 antibiotics. Axenic studies were carried out to determine the competitiveness of dual-strain inocula consisting of fast- and slow-growing rhizobia isolated from subtropical-tropical soils for nodule occupancy on a hybrid of Asian and US soybean cultivars. Nodule occupancy was determined by intrinsic resistance to erythromycin and neomycin. The results showed wide variability in resistance to 10 antibiotics for fast- and slow-growing rhizobia. The intrinsic antibiotic resistance of fast- and slow-growing rhizobia was extremely high against nalidixic acid (400 μg ml−1) and penicillin (200 μg ml−1). The competitive ability of inoculant strains for nodule occupancy varied for different combination sets and with the plant growing media. Our results show that fast-growing rhizobia nodulate a hybrid of Asian and US soybean cultivars. Fast-growing soybean rhizobia did not completely exclude nodulation by the slow-growing strains, which formed 0–79% nodules, depending on the strain used in the inoculum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260518
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological and symbiotic characteristics of Rhizobium fredii isolated from subtropical-tropical soils (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1988), S. 350-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizobia ; Effective N2-fixation ; Osmotic pressure ; Symbiosis ; Glycine max ; Rhizobium fredii ; Rhizobium japonicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Physiological and symbiotic characteristics were identified in Rhizobium fredii isolated from subtropical-tropical soils. The generation times of R. fredii Taiwan isolated-SB 357 and -SB 682 were 1.7 and 2.5 h, respectively. These strains were associated with acid production in yeast-extract mannitol medium. They were able to use hexoses, pentose, sucrose, trehalose and raffinose. Strain SB 357 can resist a high concentration of kanamycin (100 μg ml−1 and penicillin (400 μg ml−1). It can tolerate up to 2.34% NaCl and 1031.3 mosmol kg−1 (23.4 bars). The growth rate of R. fredii SB 357 under the concentration of approximately 450 mosmol kg−1 (10.2 bars) was not affected by salinity, but responded to osmotic pressure. Both strains (SB 357 and SB 682) isolated from subtropical-tropical soils were able to form an effective N2-fixing symbiosis with the US soybean cv Clark lanceolate leaflet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262145
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrification and nitrifying potential of tropical and subtropical soils (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrification ; Tropical soil ; Subtropical soil ; Nitrifying population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrification was measured in five different soils (slate alluvial soil, sandstone shale alluvial soil, sandstone shale and slate alluvial soil, red soil, and Taiwan clay). In these soils different lag periods were recorded before the onset of nitrification. Nitrifying activity was highest in sandstone shale alluvial soil and the lowest in acidic red soil. A part from those in the red soil, the numbers of nitrifying bacteria detected were all higher than numbers reported in temperate soils. However, there were no clear relationships between the numbers of nitrifying bacteria and the rate of nitrification in these soils. When soil cores were incubated for 3 weeks, no NO inf2 sup- or NO inf3 sup- was defected in the slate alluvial soil. This was ascribed to denitrification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336423
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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