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  • critical micelle concentration  (6)
  • Nortriptyline  (2)
  • Surfactants  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of oxidation polymorphism on blood and urine concentrations of amitriptyline and its metabolites in man (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 232 (1982), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Nortriptyline ; Hydroxylated metabolites ; Oxidation polymorphism ; Hydroxylation polymorphism ; Pharmacogenetics ; Interindividual differences ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have measured the metabolites (demethylated and hydroxylated) of amitriptyline in a group of seven normal volunteers. They were phenotyped as extensive or poor metabolizers using debrisoquine and bufuralol. The results demonstrate that the oxidative metabolism (aliphatic hydroxylation) of amitriptyline is under the same genetic control as that of debrisoquine and bufuralol. However, phenotypic polymorphism cannot be used to predict amitriptyline blood concentration after a single oral dose, since the principal metabolic pathway of amitriptyline is demethylation and not aliphatic hydroxylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02141782
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination and pharmacological effects following single oral doses of 50 and 75 mg of amitriptyline in man (1983)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 233 (1983), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Nortriptyline ; Hydroxylated metabolites ; Linear disposition ; Interindividual differences ; Pharmacological effects ; Psychomotor tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a companion paper we described the disposition of a 75 mg single dose of amitriptyline in normal volunteers who were phenotyped as extensive or poor metabolizers of debrisoquine and bufuralol, and had a four-fold range in the oral clearance of the antidepressant, 50 mg of amitriptyline was also administered to the same volunteers. This paper compares the results after both doses and suggests that the disposition of amitriptyline is linear even in subjects with a low oral clearance. There was no relation between the pharmacokinetic data and the intensity of sedation or of psychomotor impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00342785
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aggregation of the sodium dodecyl sulfate –n - octanol–water system at low concentration (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 735-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Mixed micelles ; Octanol ; Sodium dodecyl sulfate ; Surfactants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Micelle formation in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–n-octanol mixtures was studied by several techniques and the results were interpreted using regular solution theory for mixed-micelle formation. Octanol was considered as a nonionic surfactant. The composition of micelles at the critical micelle concentration (cmc) was computed together with the interaction parameter and the activity coefficient of the components of the micelles. The fluorescence quenching technique with pyrene was employed to obtain the SDS and octanol aggregation numbers at the cmc. The results were in agreement with similar studies on other alcohol–SDS systems. At the cmc spherical, almost fully ionized micelles formed, while at a higher concentration there was a transition to anisometric (probably rodlike) micelles which pushed sodium counterions into their Stern double layer. Mixed anisometric micelles were more ionized than pure SDS micelles. When the octanol:SDS total ratio exceeded 0.85:1, an emulsion of octanol appeared in equilibrium with the micelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050447
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aggregation in dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solutions (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 959-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Hydroxide surfactants ; critical micelle concentration ; aggregation ; cationic surfactants ; micelle charge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The aggregation of dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (DTAOH) aqueous solutions has been studied by several methods. It is stepwise and four critical points were found. AtC T=(2.51±0.10)×10−4 mol · dm−3 the surface excess becomes zero, atC T=(1.300±0.041)×10−3 mol · dm−3 small aggregates from, which grow with concentration. AtC T=(1.108±0.010)×10−2 mol · dm−3 true micelles form (CMC) and at (3.02±0.28)×10−2 mol · dm−3 the structure of micelles probably changes affecting their properties. The DTAOH micelles are highly ionized (α=0.8) at the CMC, and decreases to reach very small values when the total concentration increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00660374
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaporation rate from aerosol OT-water-n-heptane inverse micellar systems (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 439-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Surfactants ; evaporation ; inverse micelles ; microemulsions ; aerosol OT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The evaporation rate of aerosol OT-water-n-heptane inverse micellar systems was studied. The evaporation behavior of solutions was strongly affected when compared with pure heptane. The changes are related to the structure of the micelles and the properties of the water molecules dissolved in the micelles. The initial rate of evaporation reaches a maximum when the surfactant head groups are hydrated with three water molecules, a minimum when the first hydration shell of Na+ ions is completed, and then rises and stabilizes until the second hydration shell is completed. The presence of free water when the ratio water molecules to surfactant molecules exceeds 12 produces a new rise of the initial evaporation rate, which is always higher than that of puren-heptane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656888
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of NaOH on dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide aggregation in aqueous solutions (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 854-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Hydroxide surfactants ; critical micelle concentration ; aggregation ; cationic surfactants ; counterion effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The aggregation of dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (DTAOH) in aqueous NaOH solutions was studied as a function of NaOH concentration. As in NaOH-free DTAOH aqueous solutions, the surfactant underwent a stepwise aggregation mechanism. Changes in the structure of aggregates produced an increase of the concentration at which premicellar aggregates could solubilize hydrophobic dyes and also in the concentration at which hydroxide inons join the aggregates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654743
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aggregation ofn-dodecanephosphonic acid in water (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 1089-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Micelles ; critical micelle concentration ; dodecanephosphonic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Several techniques were employed to study the aggregation ofn-Dodecanephosphonic Acid (DPA) in water. At 22°C, the solubillity of DPA increases, probably due to the formation of small premicellar aggregates. The CMC is (5.4±2.4) ×10−4 mol·dm−3 and the solubility reaches the CMC value at 26°C. At 30°C and at a concentration of about 9×10−3 mol·dm−3, a lamellar mesophase appears. Both micelles and liquid crystal lamellae are almost uncharged. Their polar heads have strong hydrogen bonds between them. The ionization of DPA molecules in micelles and mesophase structures is strongly reduced in comparison with monomerically dissolved molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658374
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Counterion specificity of the micelle surface and its implications on micellar catalysis (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 662-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Micellar catalysis ; critical micelle concentration ; micellization ; counterion distribution constants ; hydroxide surfactants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide — Dodecyltrimethyl-ammonium hydroxide — water mixtures were studied with ion-selective electrodes, and the aggregation behavior, degree of ionization of the micelles and the distribution constants of bromide and hydroxide ions between water and micelles were found, showing that some suppositions about the interpretation of micellar catalysis are incorrect, and these interpretations must be revised. The results support the mass action model for the theoretical treatment of micellar catalysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653065
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aggregation of aqueous dodecylphosphonic acid in dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide mixtures (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 669-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dodecanephosphonic acid ; dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide ; mixed micelles ; critical micelle concentration ; aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The aggregation of aqueous dodecylphosphonic acid (DPA) and dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (DTAOH) mixtures was studied by several methods. The behavior of DPA-rich mixtures is close to that of pure DPA. This is probably due to the preservation of the hydrogen-bonded structure of the micellar headgroup layer. The behavior is almost ideal. Betweeny DPA =0.5 and 0.33 (y DPA being the mole fraction of DPA in the surfactant mixture), the hydrogen-bonded structure of the micellar headgroup layer is destroyed. A sort of “micellar azeotrope” is formed, and the maximum of non-ideal interaction between the two surfactants is attained aty DPA =0.4. Fory DPA 〈0.33 the system behaves as a common mixture of a cationic surfactant and a non-ionic one (DPA.2LTA). There is a phenomenon of counterion “condensation” on aggregates at concentrations over the CMC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653066
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the required HLB for the solubilization of cholesterol in aqueous solution (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Cholesterol ; solubilization ; HLB ; mixed micelles ; emulsions ; critical micelle concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The solubilization of cholesterol by anionic surfactant mixtures was studied as a function of their HLB values. The relationship between the logarithm of the critical micelle concentration and the HLB value of the mixtures was not linear, which was attributed to a lack of strict additivity of the HLB values. The solubilized cholesterol/surfactant ratio was determined and it was found to be higher than that in bile salts in all the studied surfactant mixtures. Below HLB=24, emulsions were obtained, and the remaining cholesterol was solid. Above that value, limpid solutions were obtained, giving a solubility maximum at HLB≈35. The non-solubilized cholesterol was mainly in the form of lamellar mesophase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050213
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