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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 27-34 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterium ; Fermentation ; Nutrition ; Optimization ; Liquefaction ; High-substrate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary An alternative process for industrial lactic acid production was deveooped using a starch degrading lactic acid producing organism,Lactobacillus amylovorus B-4542. In this process, saccharification takes place during the fermentation, eliminating the need for complete hydrolysis of the starch to glucose prior to fermentation. The cost savings of this alternative are substantial since it eliminates the energy input, separate reactor tank, time, and enzyme associated with the typical pre-fermentation saccharification step. The only pre-treatment was gelatinization and enzyme-thinning of the starch to overcome viscosity problems associated with high starch concentrations and to make the starch more rapidly degradable. This fermentation process was optimized for temperature, substrate level, nitrogen source and level, mineral level, B-vitamins, volatile fatty acids, pH, and buffer source. The rate of the reaction and the final level of lactic acid obtained in the optimized liquefied starch process was similar to that obtained withL. delbrueckii B-445 using glucose as the substrate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Naproxen ; Synovial fluid ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; NSAIDs ; eicosanoid ; concentration/effect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Twelve patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and having swollen knees were treated with 1.1 g/day of sodium naproxen administered in one dose, daily for 5 days. The 72-h wash-out period was verified by the absence of any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug using a HPLC screening. Blood and synovial fluid samples were drawn just before treatment and 24 h after the last dose. Eicosanoids (PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1α, TXB2, LTB4, LTC4) in synovial fluid were determined by immunoenzy-matic assays. In plasma and synovial fluid, hyaluronic acid was assayed by radiometric assay and sodium naproxen by HPLC. Free drug was determined by equilibrium dialysis. Statistical analysis used nonparametric tests. Pain relief (evaluated on a visual scale), morning stiffness, and scores on the Lee and Ritchie indices all decreased significantly, as did PGE2 and LTB4 concentrations. The decrease in 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 was not significant. No significant change was found for LTC4 and hyaluronic acid. Total concentrations of sodium naproxen were equivalent in plasma (16.1 μg·ml−1) and synovial fluid (18.9 μg·ml−1). Free fractions were significantly higher in synovial fluid (0.14%) than in plasma (0.11 %), as shown by binding of the drug to human serum albumin, at various protein concentrations. Interestingly, the clinical efficacy, as shown by decreases in morning stiffness and in the Lee index score, correlated with the free concentration of naproxen in synovial fluid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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