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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of receptive field responses and shift-effect in cat retinal and geniculate neurons (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 31 (1978), S. 235-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Shift-effect ; Retina ; Lateral geniculate ; Saccadic suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Spike activity of single optic tract fibres and lateral geniculate cells of the lightly anaesthetized immobilized cat were recorded in response to short, small (local) test flashes into the receptive field center before, during and after rapid displacements of a remote, large (global) pattern. 2. The majority of retinal and geniculate neurons failed to produce algebraic summation of the excitatory shift-effect and an excitatory test response. 3. For many cells outside lamina A and A1 of the dorsal lateral geniculate body the test response was smaller than the control even though two excitatory responses were combined. 4. The responses to displacements of a steady, local spot are weakly affected by simultaneous displacements of a global pattern if the local responses are strong; but if the latter are weak the global shift-effect dominates the response to a displacement of the total pattern. 5. Saccadic suppression may be explained by retinal and geniculate neurons functioning in two modes of local or global responses, both of which cannot be transmitted properly at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237602
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of skewed Tcra-V gene use in T-cell receptor β-chain transgenic mice (1997)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 47 (1997), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words T-cell receptor ; Transgenic mice ; T lymphocytes ; Molecular analysis ; Thymic selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of β-chain diversity on the expressed T-cell receptor (TCR) α-chain repertoire was investigated using transgenic mice which exclusively express a single rearranged TCR β-chain gene. Analysis of these mice using α-chain-specific recombinant cDNA libraries showed that expression of the transgene-encoded β chain results in significant skewing in Tcra-V gene segment usage vs nontransgenic mice. Skewing was most pronounced towards α chains using TCRA-V segments. Sequence analysis of Tcra-V8-containing genes from transgenic T cells revealed predominant use of a single Tcra-J segment (Tcra-J24), which was not detected in Tcra-V8 containing genes isolated from nontransgenic T cells. Further analysis revealed that co-expression of Tcra-V8 with Tcra-J24 in β-transgenic mice is exhibited almost exclusively by CD4+ T cells, and is associated with a limited number of closely related N-regions. Analysis of transgenic CD8+ T cells demonstrated predominant co-expression of Tcra-V8 with another Tcra-J (Tcra-J30), together with a different, limited N-region sequence. We conclude that the composition of expressed β chains can profoundly influence the selection of companion α chains expressed in the periphery, and that α-chain N and J regions play a crucial role in discriminating between class I vs class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted recognition. Further, these results are in agreement with recent data concerning the crystal structure of the TCR, and most consistent with a model for TCR structure in which the complementarity determining region (CDR)3α domain participates in direct contact with the MHC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050335
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of various brain structures in multiple sclerosis with multimodality evoked potentials, blink reflex and nystagmography (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 224 (1980), S. 33-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Visual, auditory, somatosensory evoked potentials ; Blink reflex ; Nystagmography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Visuelle musterevozierte Potentiale, der elektrisch ausgelöste Blinkreflex, auditorisch evozierte Hirnstammpotentiale, somatosensorisch evozierte Potentiale mit Ableitung über dem unteren Cervicalmark und dem jeweiligen kontralateralen Handfeld sowie nystagmographische Ableitungen wurden bei 55 Patienten mit einer Multiplen Sklerose untersucht. Die Patienten wurden entsprechend der anamnestischen Daten und der klinischen Symptomatologie in vier Gruppen unterschiedlicher diagnostischer Wahrscheinlichkeit getrennt. Die Resultate zeigten, daß die Kombination verschiedener evozierter Potentiale einen hohen Aussagewert in solchen Fällen haben kann, in denen die Diagnose einer MS klinisch nicht eindeutig ist. Es wird jedoch hervorgehoben, daß die Interpretation der elektrophysiologischen Befunde mit großer Sorgfalt vorgenommen werden soll, da eine einzige Läsion im Zentralnervensystem, besonders im Bereich des Hirnstammes, gleichzeitig verschiedene funktionelle Systeme befallen und dadurch eine disseminierte Erkrankung vortäuschen kann.
    Notes: Summary Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP), blink reflexes, auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABEP), spinal and scalp recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), and nystagmographic records were investigated in 55 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), who were separated in different categories of probability according to the clinical history, symptoms, and signs. The combined use of different electrophysiological methods forms a sensitive battery for investigating clinically uncertain cases of MS. It was stressed that care should be taken in the interpretation of the electrophysiological findings, since a single lesion in the central nervous system, particularly in the brainstem, may affect different functional systems simultaneously and therefore mimic a disseminated disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313205
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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