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  • Organic Chemistry  (4)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Blei in Boden, Sedimenten ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Flamme, Reextraktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Vorversuchen wurde gezeigt, da\ beim Aufbewahren der organischen APDC/MIBK-Extrakte starke Bleiverluste auftraten. Daher war es notwendig, das Blei mit SalpetersÄure in die wÄ\erige Phase zu reextrahieren. Wiederfindungsversuche bestÄtigten, da\ Extraktion und Reextraktion quantitativ verlaufen. Das Blei wird dabei um den Faktor fünf angereichert. Es werden mittlere Standardabweichungen für vier Konzentrationsbereiche angegeben. Als Nachweisgrenze wurde eine Konzentration von 0,16 mg Pb/l gefunden, die durch die Anreicherung auf ca. 0,03 mg Pb/l gesenkt wird. Arbeitsvorschriften für das Verfahren sind angegeben.
    Notes: Summary Preliminary investigations have shown, that considerable losses of lead occur during storage of the organic APDC/MIBK-extracts. Therefore, it was necessary to reextract lead into the aqueous phase by nitric acid. Investigations of recoveries confirmed, that extraction and reextraction of lead were quantitative. In this way the concentration of lead is increased by a factor of five. Mean standard deviations for four concentration ranges are given. A detection limit of 0.16 mg of Pb/l is obtained, which is lowered by the preceding enrichment to about 0.03 mg of Pb/l. Details of the procedure are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 110-115 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Cadmium in Boden, Sedimenten ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Zr-beschichtete Graphitrohre
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, das es gestattet, nach einer Anreicherung von Cadmium durch Extraktion mit APDC/MIBK und anschließender Reextraktion mit Salpetersäure, die stark salpetersaueren Reextrakte direkt in Zirkonium-beschichteten Graphitrohren bei Verwenden der flammenlosen Atomabsorption zu vermessen. Diese Rohre zeigten eine gute Lebensdauer (150–300 Analysen). Durch eine Behandlung der Rohre mit einer Fe3+-Lösung konnten Beeinflussungen der Cadmiumsignale durch Begleitstoffe verhindert werden. Cadmium wird bei der Extraktion und Reextraktion um den Faktor fünf angereichert. Bei hohen Cadmiumgehalten in den Proben kann die Analyse bei gleicher Probenvorbereitung mit Hilfe der Flammenatomabsorption durchgeführt werden. Die Arbeitsbedingungen für die flammenlose, sowie für die Flammen-Atomabsorption werden angegeben. Als Nachweisgrenzen bei Verwenden der flammenlosen Atomabsorption wurden im Mittel 0,53 μg Cd/l, für die Flammenatomabsorption 19,4μg Cd/l gefunden, die durch die Anreicherung auf ca. 0,1, bzw. 4 μg Cd/l gesenkt werden.
    Notes: Summary Cadmium is enriched by an extraction with APDC/MIBK and subsequent reextraction with nitric acid. A procedure is described for analyzing these solutions directly by means of flameless atomic absorption, inspite of the high concentration of nitric acid in a zirconium coated graphite tube. These tubes, proved to be very resistant (150–300 analyses). After treatment of the tubes with a Fe3+-solution no interference by accompanying anions and cations could be observed. By the extraction and reextraction procedure described cadmium is enriched by a factor of five. Samples of higher cadmium concentrations were analyzed by means of flame atomic absorption after the same sample preparation. Working conditions for flameless and flame atomic absorption are given. Detection limits have been calculated as 0.53 μg Cd/l in the case of flameless, 19.4 μg Cd/l in the case of flame atomic absorption. These values are further decreased by the above enrichment procedure to 0.1 and 4 μg Cd/l, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Spiranes ; Liquid crystals ; Structure-property relations of LC substances ; TosMIC ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of terminally substituted spiranes were prepared from 9-pentyl-3-spiro[5.5]undecanone (7), which was obtained in a five-step synthesis starting from 4-pentylcyclohexanone (1), using an intramolecular cyclisation with 4-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) as a key step. By a comparison of the physical data of the new spiro[5.5]undecane derivatives I with those of several well-known, analogous substituted compounds - solely differing in their central building unit - conclusions regarding the effects of the spiro ring system on its mesogenic potential are drawn.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 58 (1986), S. 162-163 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Wärmeübergang ; Rührbehälter ; Kühlmantel ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Strömung ; Rührer ; parallele Wände ; ebene bzw. zylindrische Anordnung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemistry of Small Rings, XXVIII1). - Dibenzo[2.4]spirenes and Their Derivatives via Photofragmentation and Thermolysis of SpiropyrazolesPhotofragmentation of the spiropyrazoles 3 leads to the dibenzo[2.4]spirenes 4 in good to average yields. Thermolysis of 3 at lower temperatures also gives 4. At higher temperature, however, the pentalene derivatives 9 are formed. This rearrangement involves spirenes 4. The vinylcarbene 11 or the diradical 13 are intermediates in the reaction 3 → 4. Rearrangement 4 → 9 can proceed synchronously or via the diradical 15.
    Notes: Die Photofragmentierung der Spiropyrazole 3 ergibt in guten bis mittleren Ausbeuten die Dibenzo[2.4]spirene 4. Die Thermolyse von 3 führt bei tieferen Temperaturen ebenfalls zu 4, bei höheren Temperaturen werden die Pentalen-Derivate 9 gebildet. Bei dieser Umlagerung treten die Spirene 4 als Zwischenprodukte auf. Die Reaktion 3 → 4 dürfte über das Vinylcarben 11 oder das Diradikal 13 als Zwischenstufen verlaufen. Die Umlagerung 4 → 9 kann entweder synchron oder über ein Diradikal 15 formuliert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1974 (1974), S. 1140-1149 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N-Heterocycles via 1,3-DipolarAddition and 1,5-Sigmatropic Shifts1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of diazofluorene (1a) to the alkynes 2 affords the diaza[4.4]spirenes 3. With the other diazocyclopentadienes 1b-e the primary adduct 3 undergoes a 1,5-sigma- tropic shift to give the azaindolizines 4 or the 3aH-indazoles 5. Acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 3 produces the 1H-indazoles 6. Substituent effects on cycloaddition and 1,5-rearrangement are discussed. An alternative mechanism is proposed for the van Alphen rearrangement 3 → 6.
    Notes: Die 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition von Diazofluoren (1a) an die Alkine 2 ergibt die Diazat[4.4]spirene 3. Bei den anderen Diazocyclopentadienen 1b-e geht das primär gebildete 3 eine 1,5-sigmatrope Umlagerung zu den Azaindolizinen 4 oder den 3aH-Indazolen 5 ein. Die säurekatalysierte Umlagerung von 3 liefert die 1H-Indazole 6. Substituenteneffekte der Cycloaddition und der 1,5-Umlagerungen werden diskutiert. Für die van-Alphen-Umlagerung 3 → 6 wird ein alternativer Mechanismus vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sulfur Compounds in Crude Oil, IV. - Alkaline Cleavage of 4,5-Annulated Cyclopenta[b]-thiophen-6-ones2-Aryl-4-(carboxyaryl)-3-thiophenecarboxylic acids 6a - c or esters 5 are formed from 4,5-annulated methyl 2-aryl-6-oxo-6H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylates 1 by cleavage of the cyclopentadienone ring with methanolic potassium hydroxide. The mechanism is discussed.
    Notes: 4,5-Anellierte 2-Aryl-6-oxo-6H-cyclopenta[b]thiophen-3-carbosäure-methylester 1 reagieren mit methanolischem Kaliumhydroxid unter Spaltung des Cylopentadienon-Ringes zu 2-Aryl-4-(carboxyaryl)-3-thiophencarbonsäuren 6a - c order Estern 5. Der Mechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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