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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transportation 26 (1999), S. 5-30 
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: management ; performance indicators ; roads administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Seeing the trend for public accountability of road administrations and noting the many reform efforts undertaken in transport sectors around the world, the OECD established a Scientific Expert Group on Performance Indicators for the Road Sector in 1996 to provide its member countries a framework for assessing road administrations' performance. The results of the Expert Group's work is presented in this paper. Fifteen indispensable, forty primary, and thirty-five secondary indicators are proposed to portray the road sector from different perspectives. They are designed to be changed in response to human needs and technological development and supplemented by country specific indicators. In keeping with this approach and in support of one of the maxims of the Expert Group that 'useful performance indicators are those which are used', an application in the form of a Field Test is now in progress by an OECD task force. The Performance Indicators proposed are grounded in a mental model adopted by the Expert Group. This model is management by results model, and is useful as a theoretical tool in the many highly fluid contexts in which restructuring is moving forward. In the model, the products and services are judged by standards or criteria; outcomes – derivatives of products and services through user interface – are judged relative to objectives and user satisfaction. The achievement of objectives, however, is not proposed as the only or even primary basis of evaluation. The situation is more abstract and complex. Therefore, the various uses of Performance Indicators – including the opportunities to assist road administrations in becoming learning organizations – are given much emphasis in the paper. The views and conclusions in the paper are those of the author and should not be attributed to the World Bank or its affiliated organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituted dihydroxystilbenes 2 are suitable starting materials for the synthesis of photochromic systems derived from 3/4. Attempts to couple the naphthones 8a-8e by the McMurry reaction with TiCl3/LiAlH4 yielded mainly reduction products such as 8f, g or 9. However, the furofuran 3b was isolated when using the zinc-copper couple for reduction. The helicene 11 was formed as an unexpected by-product in the McMurry reaction of the pivaloylnaphthalene 8d.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 399-401 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Stilbenes ; Ethanes, 1,2-diphenyl ; Antileukemic activity ; HIV ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From the four stilbenes 1-4 isolated from the bark of Picea abies seven compounds 5-11 were obtained by hydrogenation or permethylation. 1H-, 13C-NMR and mass spectra were used for their characterization. The antileukemic activity of each compound was preliminary tested. Some compounds were further tested for their anti-HIV activity.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1993 (1993), S. 1037-1039 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Combretastatins ; Stilbenes ; 1,2-Diphenylethanols ; Hydration ; Antileukemic activity ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydration of the double bond of some stilbene congeners of Picea abies bark by TiCl4·NaBH4 reagent is described. Five racemic 1,2-diphenylethanol derivatives (9-13), structurally related to (R)-(·)-combretastatin [(R)-1], have been obtained and characterized mainly by 13C- and 1H-NMR as well as mass spectrometry. The antileukemic activity of each compound has preliminarily been tested by the mouse leukemia L1210 system. Compound 10 has been synthesized by Friedel-Crafts acylation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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