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  • Organic Chemistry  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Cephalosporins ; Prodrugs ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An efficient synthesis of HR 916 B (4), the orally active 1-(RS)-(pivaloyloxy)ethyl prodrug ester of the cephalosporin cefdaloxime, was developed and applied on a multi-kg scale. AMCA (8) was prepared by exchange of the acetoxy group of fermentation product ACA (7) with the nucleophile methanol under acidic conditions. Its 7-amino group was acylated with mixed anhydride 14 to give 15. Carboxylic acid 15 was esterified with iodohydrin ester 27 or bromohydrin ester 30, respectively, to provide the acylal 16. Simultaneous removal of both the amino- and the oximo-protecting group furnished the prodrug HR 916 3, which was purified and stabilized by precipitation of its tosylate salt 4. The overall yield of 4 (ratio 5/6 = 0.65) was 39% relative to AMCA (8) (four steps), 15% relative to ACA (7) (five steps).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of 19-Nor-Steroids via a Photochemical Key Reaction: Enantiomerically Pure Target CompoundsA total synthesis of the enantiomerically pure 19-nor-steroids estrone (1a), 19-norandrost-4-en-3,17-dione (2a), estradiol-17β (3a), and 19-nortestosterone (4a) is described. It follows the A + D→AD→ABCD sequence, proceeds via a kinetically unstable o-quinodimethane derivative obtained in a light induced reaction, and employs the chiral synthetic building block dimethyl (R)-2-vinyl-1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylate (12b). The latter is easily accessible by an asymmetry inducing ScN′ reaction. During the synthetic procedure it is isolated enantiomerically pure. The analytic procedure reveals that 12b is formed with an optical purity or an enantiomeric excess, respectively, of 95%.
    Notes: Eine Totalsynthese der enantiomerenreinen 19-Nor-Steroide Östron (1a), 19-Norandrost-4-en-3,17-dion (2a), östradiol-17β (3a) und 19-Nortestosteron (4a) wird beschrieben. Sie folgt dem A + D→AD→ABCD-Aufbauprinzip, durchläuft ein lichtinduziertes, kinetisch instabiles o-Chinodimethan-Derivat und verwendet den chiralen Synthesebaustein (R)-2-Vinyl-1,1-cyclopropan-dicarbonsäure-dimethylester (12b). 12b ist durch eine Asymmetrie induzierende ScN′-Reaktion (s. Abb. 2) bequem zugänglich. Bei der Synthese fällt 12b enantiomerenrein an. Das analytische Procedere offenbart, daß 12b mit einer optischen Reinheit oder mit einem Enantiomeren-überschuß jeweils von 95% zustande kommt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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