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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2213-2218 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Conformational analysis ; Electron diffraction ; Organosilanes ; Silane, tetra(isopropyl)- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und Molekülstruktur von Tetra(isopropyl)silan1Tetra(isopropyl)silan wurde nach Literaturvorschriften hergestellt, deren einzelne Stufen aber durch veränderte Reaktionsbedingungen verbessert werden konnten. Das Schlüsselreagens 2-Lithiopropen wurde ausgehend von 1-Methacrylsäure über 1,3-Dibrom-1-methylpropionsäure und 2-Brompropen durch Metallierung des letzteren mit ultraschallaktiviertem Lithium erhalten. Die Lösungen enthalten noch Mono- und Dilithiopropin, wie durch Silylierung mit Chlortrimethylsilan bestätigt werden konnte. Mit SiCl4 entsteht Tetra(isopropenyl)silan, das nach Reinigung katalytisch zur Titelverbindung hydriert werden kann.  -  Die Molekülstruktur von [CH3)2CH]4Si in der Gasphase wurde durch Elektronenbeugung bestimmt. Eine Verfeinerung der Parameter war mit einem Modell der Punktgruppe S4 erfolgreich. Die Bindungslängen Si—C, C—C und C—H zeigen ebenso wie die Winkel Si—C—C und C—C—H die Beengung der vier Substituenten an. Die sterische Spannung wird durch Herausdrehen der Methylgruppen und der Isopropylgruppen aus den jeweiligen gestaffelten Konformationen sowie durch Aufweitung zweier C—Si—C-Winkel vermindert. Die vier restlichen C—Si—C-Winkel sind entsprechend kleiner als der Tetraederwinkel. Die Gesamtstruktur unterscheidet sich in den Drehwinkeln C—Si—C—H deutlich von der des Tetra(isopropyl)phosphonium-Kations in [(CH3)2CH]4P+ [B(C6H5)4]-, die viel größere Winkel C—P—C—H aufweist. Sie ist aber den Strukturen des Tetra-(cyclohexyl)silans und sogar des Tri(isopropyl)phosphonium-isopropylids sehr ähnlich, in dem die pyramidale Konfiguration am ylidischen C-Atom zu einer pseudo-homoleptischen Ligandenanordnung führt.
    Notes: Tetra(isopropyl)silane has been prepared using literature methods, with the individual steps improved by changes in some of the experimental conditions. The key reagent 2-lithiopropene, which can now be obtained in good yields from 1-methacrylic acid via 1,2-dibromo-1-methylpropionic acid and 2-bromopropene by treatment of the latter with ultrasound-activated lithium metal, was shown to contain mono- and dilithiopropyne. The reaction with chlorotrimethylsilane led to the corresponding silylated derivatives, while with silicon tetrachloride tetra(isopropenyl)silane was obtained, which after purification is easily converted into the title compound by catalytic hydrogenation.  -  The gas phase molecular structure of [(CH3)2CH]4Si has been determined by electron diffraction. The parameters could be successfully refined for a model of S4 symmetry. Bond distances Si—C, C—C, and C—H as well as bond angles Si—C—C and C—C—H show the steric compression of the four isopropyl substituents. Steric strain is minimized by twists of the methyl groups and the isopropyl groups away from the fully staggered conformations, but also by an increase of two of the C—Si—C angles as compared to the remaining four, which are decreased relative to the tetrahedral standard. The structure differs strongly (mainly in the twist angles) from that of the isoelectronic tetra(isopropyl)phosphonium cation in [(CH3)2CH]4P+[B(C6H5)4]-, but is very similar to those of tetra(cyclohexyl)silane and of tri(isopropyl)phosphonium isopropylide, where the pyramidal configuration of the ylidic carbon atoms leads to a pseudo homoleptic array of the substituents at phosphorus.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Phosphanes ; Disilanes ; Disilanylamines ; Germanes ; Stannanes ; Stannanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of dialkyl(trimethylsilyl)phosphanes RR′PSiMe3 (1:R, R′ = tBu; 3: R, R′ = iPr; 5: R = iPr, R′ = tBu) with Si2Cl6 provide stable trichlorosilylphosphanes RR′PSiCl3 (2, 4, 6); the reactions of silyl- and stannylamines of iPr2NMMe3 (M = Si: 11; M = Sn: 12) with Si2Cl6, however, provide the stable pentachlorodisilanylamine iPr2NSi2Cl5 (13). Heating of 1 with the technical mixture Me2(Cl)SiSiCl2Me/(MeCl2Si)2 yields the stable silylphosphane tBu2PSiMe2Cl (8) and the disilanylphosphane tBu2PSi(Me)(Cl)Si(Me)Cl2 (9). Methylation of 9 with MeLi gave tBu2PSi2Me510, which was isolated in a pure state. Reactions of tBu(iPr)PSiMe3 (5) and of organometal phosphanes tBu(iPr)PMR3 (14: M = Ge, R = Me; 17a-c: M = Sn; R = Me, Et, nBu) with Si2Cl6 were monitored by 31P, 29Si, and 119Sn NMR. - In the first step of these reactions, new tBu(iPr)PSi2Cl5 (7) is formed. 7 is accompanied by increasing amounts of tBu(iPr)PSiCl3 (6) and Me3GeSiCl3 (15)/(Me3Ge)2Si(SiCl3)2 (16) or traces of compounds R3SnSiCl3 (19a-c) that decompose providing (R3Sn)2Si(SiCl3)2 (18a-c) and nBu3SnSi(SiCl3)3 (20c). Subsequently, compounds 19a-c decompose providing increasing amounts of 18a-c. Stannylphosphane 17bis also cleaved by SiCl4 leading to 6 with liberation of Et3SnCl, whereas 17bis formedfrom the reaction of 5 with Et3SnCl under liberation of Me3SiCl. The suggestion of an extra stabilisation of P-Si bonds of trichlorosilylphosphanes was subjected to direct evidence through the structure determination of the trichlorosilylphosphane tBu2PSiCl3 (2) in the gas phase by electron diffraction. This crowded molecule has a “normal” P-Si bond length of 225.0(12) pm; its C1 symmetric conformation with both tBu groups and the SiCl3 group twisted about 17° from the perfectly staggered positions, and with each of the three groups tilted about 6° away from each other, allows to reduce steric strain.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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