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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7)
  • Ostrinia nubilalis  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    European corn borer sex pheromone (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 601-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; redbanded leafroller ; Argyrotaenia velutinana ; Tortricidae ; pheromone analogs ; sex stimulation ; bioassay ; flight-tunnel behavior ; field bioassay ; molecular mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The biological activity of analogs of the pheromone components of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecen1-ol acetate, in which modifications were made in the terminal alkyl portion were studied in the three pheromonal types of the insect. European corn borer males respond to pheromonal stimuli at three levels of behavioral activity, i.e., short-range sexual stimulation, activation in the flight tunnel, and response in the field. Structural requirements for elicitation of response at these levels were found to be increasingly restrictive, respectively. Flighttunnel activity was induced only by compounds that had a total chain length of 13 or 14 carbons and in which branching at carbon 13 was limited to one methyl group or a cyclopropyl group. Three new analogs were active in the flight tunnel, viz., (E and (Z)-13-methyl-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and (Z)-12-cyclopropyl-11-dodecen-1-ol acetate. The cyclopropyl analog was the most active analog against theZZ type of the European corn borer. TheE isomer, however, was pheromonally inactive in theEE type and was shown to be a pheromone antagonist. This dissimilarity is most likely due to differences in structure of the receptors in the European corn borer strains. Analogs that were biologically active against the European corn borer were tested against the redbanded leafroller,Argyrotaenia velutinana, which also uses (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate as part of its pheromone. Results showed that the redbanded leafroller pheromone acceptor system is different from that of the European com borer; marginal behavioral response was elicited by only one of the new analogs. Thus, although both species use 11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate isomers as their pheromone, the mechanisms by which they are perceived are different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014704
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    European corn borer: Pheromonal catabolism and behavioral response to sex pheromone (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 317-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Antennal catabolism ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; pheromone analogs ; 11-tetradecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When physiologically excessive amounts of the female sex pheromone of the European corn borer (ECB) or esters analogous to the pheromone were applied to the antennae of males, their behavioral responsiveness to pheromone in a flight tunnel was significantly impaired for 2 hr. Concurrent quantitative analyses of heptane extracts of the male antennae by gasliquid chromatography showed that the compounds applied to antennae were hydrolyzed and, at 2 and 4 hr posttreatment, little or none of the compound applied or hydrolysis product was detectable in the antennal extracts. After 4 hr of in vivo incubation, male responsiveness to pheromone was restored among moths treated with the analogs but not among moths treated with pheromone. Esterase activity on the antennae was moderately inhibited in vivo by a pheromone analog that is a so-called transition-state esterase inhibitor, 1,1, 1-trifluoro-14-heptadecen-2-one. However, the analog did not inhibit male behavior when it was coevaporated with pheromone in a flight-tunnel assay. Therefore, in the presence of pheromone, the analog did not compete well for esterase or the pheromone receptor. Treating the antennae of intact males with tetrahydrofuran obliterated sex pheromone response capability in males, but the treatment did not significantly attenuate esterase and other catabolic activity of the antennae. Indications are that degradation of esters on the ECB antennae involves substrate-nonspecific esterase activity and other metabolic processes that in turn remove hydrolysis products from the antennae. Maintenance of a male's ability to respond to pheromone is linked to these processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994335
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological activity and in vivo degradation of tritiated female sex pheromone in the male European corn borer (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 283-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; European corn borer ; tritiated pheromone ; 11-tetradecenyl acetate ; sensory biochemistry ; catabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Isomers of [11,12-3H2]-11-tetradecenyl acetate (57 Ci/mM) were synthesized. Behavioral assay of the two compounds using Z- and E-type European corn borer (ECB) males showed that introduction of tritons into the double bond of the pheromone caused a significant isotope effect in the E-type ECB but not in the Z-type ECB. Measurements of tritium associated with the male antennae after a 3-min exposure showed that radioactivity equivalent to 10−7 mol pheromone was adsorbed onto male antennae. Time-course in vivo metabolic studies with picogram amounts of compound applied topically to antennae of E- and Z-type males and Z-type females showed that they metabolized pheromone similarly but females degraded pheromone more slowly than males. Pheromone was hydrolyzed, and the only other major radiolabeled metabolite observed by combined high-pressure liquid chromatography-radiodetection was tritiated water. Capillary gas chromatography and radiomonitoring permitted detection of a trace amount of 11-tetradecenoic acid, which indicated alcohol oxidase activity is associated with the antennae. Evidence shows that clearing of pheromone from the ECB male antennae involves hydrolysis and oxidation of the alcohol to fatty acid, which in turn is degraded, probably via β-oxidation, to carbon dioxide and water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994232
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    European corn borer sex pheromone (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1591-1604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; European corn borer ; (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; pheromone analogs ; insect behavior ; sex pheromone ; inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The male sexual behavior-stimulating and inhibiting properties of a series of analogs of the European corn borer sex pheromone were determined in a flight tunnel. The structural requirements for inhibition of pheromonal response were far less restrictive than those for elicitation of that response. Analogs that by themselves elicited upwind flight response from males at a low dose were generally less inhibitory to male response than many of the analogs that had no pheromonal activity. These findings suggest that many pheromone analogs bind to pheromone receptors without provoking behavioral response and possibly undergo slower degradation on the antenna than pheromonally active compounds. The disparity of response to analogs by two pheromonal types of the European corn borer indicates that the pheromone receptor and pheromone catabolic systems are biochemically very different in the two types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014092
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-activity relationship observations for European corn borer moth pheromone and fluoro analogs via computer molecular modeling (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1921-1930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Molecular modeling ; SAR ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; European corn borer moth ; sex pheromone ; attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Structure-activity relationship (SAR) observations were made for theZ-type European corn borer moth pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, and a series of analogs with fluorination in the alcohol portion of the molecule. The attractiveness of these analogs and the pheromone was compared to the electrostatic potential map of the molecular mechanics (MM) minimized lowest energy conformation for each compound. A critical range of electrostatic potential on the protons of the double-bond appears to be essential for optimal acceptor fit and attractiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033852
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformation behavior of HDPE/(PEC/PS)/SEBS blends (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 653-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Immiscible blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and an amorphous glassy phase consisting of either pure polystyrene (PS) or a miscible blend of PS and a polyether copolymer (PEC) were compatibilized with various amounts of a styrene-hydrogenated butadiene block copolymer (SEBS). PEC is structurally similar to poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO). Using a liquid displacement stress dilatometer, the volume change of samples during uniaxial mechanical straining was determined and related to the various modes of deformation. Blends were fabricated by both injection and compression molding. Miscible PEC and PS blends were found to undergo a craze to shear yielding transition between 40 and 60% PS, which occurred at higher PS concentrations as SEBS was added. Blends with a HDPE matrix and a dispersed glassy phase showed reduced volume dilatation on adding SEBS, indicating better interfacial adhesion between the incompatible blend components. Increases in the sample volume were substantially less in blends with a PEC/PS glassy phase instead of pure PS, suggesting more effective compatibilization by the SEBS copolymer in blends with PEC. This trend is presumed to stem from an exothermic heat of mixing between the PS endblocks of SEBS and the PEC-rich phases in the blend. Microscopic evidence of the improved adhesion and modes of deformation agrees with the results obtained by dilatometry. The volume dilatation of compression-molded materials do not seem to be similarly affected by the composition of the glassy phase which may reflect morphological differences between injection-and compression-molded blends.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of HDPE/(PEC/PS)/SEBS blends (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 2053-2067 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various amounts of a styrene-butadiene-based triblock copolymer (SEBS) was used to compatibilize immiscible blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and an amorphous glassy phase consisting of either pure polystyrene (PS) or a miscible blend of PS and a polyether copolymer (PEC). PEC is structurally similar to poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO). Mechanical properties were determined for blends fabricated by injection and compression molding. The inherently brittle two-phase HDPE/(PEC/PS) blends show significant increases in ductility and impact strength resulting from addition of SEBS. These improvements coincide with a slight loss in modulus and yield strength. If the amount of HDPE and SEBS is held constant, impact strength and ductility increase with the amount of PEC in the glassy phase. These trends evidently result from the added ductility of glassy phases containing PEC and perhaps from better interfacial adhesion in blends after adding SEBS. The latter stems from the thermodynamic miscibility between PEC and PS endblocks of SEBS which provide an enthalpic driving force for compatibilization. Differences between the properties of compression and injection-molded blends can be attributed to the degree of crystallinity and orientation induced during molding.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350806
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of HDPE/(PEC/PS) blends modified with SEBS copolymers (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 403-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this study, immiscible blends of HDPE and an amorphous glassy polymer were compatibilized with styrene-hydrogenated butadiene block copolymers. The glassy phase consisted of either pure PS or a miscible blend of PS and polyether copolymer (PEC); PEC is similar to poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO). The morphology of these two-phase mixtures depended on physical characteristics of the components and the method of fabrication. Suitable copolymers increased the degree of dispersion and minimized heterogeneities resulting from the inherent incompatibility of the individual phases. Further reduction in the phase size and increased adhesion between the components of modified blends were achieved by increasing the composition of PEC in the glassy phase. It was concluded that favorable exothermic mixing between PEC and PS endblocks of the copolymers provided an additional driving force for compatibilization. Results from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis suggests that penetration by the copolymers into the homopolymer phases is not complete.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370209
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastographische Werkstoff- und Schadensuntersuchung an KunstststoffbauteilenHerrn Prof. Dr. D. Werner zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 128-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Plastographic Material- und Failure Analysis of Polymer ComponentsOptical light microscopic- and SEM-investigations and EDX-analysis are carried out, to examine the material and to documend the microstructure of polymers using polished or thinned section techniques. Additionally microhardness- and DSC-testings are used. Deficiencies of manufacturing of glass-fiber-reinforced plastics and polypropylene are described as well as failures due to the processing media of components.
    Notes: Licht- und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen, energiedispersive Röntgenmikroanalysen an Anschliffen und Dünnschliffen sowie Mikrohärte- und DSC-Messungen ermöglichen die Gefügedarstellung und Werkstoffbeurteilung an Polymerwerkstoffen. Herstellungs- und Fertigungsfehler sowie Schädigungen durch Betriebsmedien an Bauteilen aus glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (GFK) und Polypropylen werden dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950260306
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallographische Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten von teilkristallinen Emails und ihr Einsatz in der chemischen IndustrieHerrn Professor Dr. H. Gräfen zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1986)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 37 (1986), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Potential methods of the metallographic investigation of partially crystalline enamels and their uses in the chemical industryArrangement of the layers, bubble formation, cracks and form, size, distribution and portion of different phases in normal glas linings and in partly crystalline glas linings can be represented and documented by metallographic investigation methods.The results of microhardness measurement and phenomenon ocurring in etching gives more information about the properties of the different phases.The technique of partially surface grinding and the replica technique for investigation into enamel coating of construction units are described.The discussion of the results together with the glas lining manufacture has showed, that the described investigation methods will be suitable to explain the technological behavior of the glas linings. The created further more possibility for quality control can incite an optimization of the glas linings under respectation of the operating experiences.
    Notes: Schichtaufbau, Blasenstruktur, Risse sowie Form, Größe, Verteilung und Anteil verschiedener Phasen in Glas-Email und in teilkristallinen Emails können durch metallographische Untersuchungsmethoden dargestellt und dokumentiert werden.Mikrohärtemessungen und Ätzverhalten lassen auf Eigenschaften der verschiedenen Phasen schließen. Die Zusammensetzung der Phasen kann durch EDA im REM nachgewiesen werden.Die Oberflächenanschliff- und Abdrucktechnik zur Untersuchung der Emailschicht am Bauteil wird vorgestellt.Die Diskussion der Ergebnisse mit den Emaillieferanten hat gezeigt, daß die aufgezeigten Untersuchungsmethoden in hohem Maße geeignet sind, auch das technologische Verhalten der Email-schichten zu erklären. Die damit geschaffene weitere Möglichkeit zur Qualitätsprüfung kann unter Berücksichtigung der Betriebsbewährung zu einer weiteren Optimierung der Emaillierungen anregen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19860370102
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