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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in higher education 6 (1977), S. 97-123 
    ISSN: 1573-188X
    Keywords: decentralization ; authority ; bureaucracy ; higher education
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Research on 115 colleges and universities is used to test hypotheses about the relationships between organizational characteristics—including size, horizontal and vertical differentiation, complexity, and the qualifications of the faculty—and decentralization of authority in four issue areas: the creation of new departments, appointment of deans, faculty salary raises, and leaves of absence for faculty members. Little support is found for the hypotheses. We suggest, however, that a general pressures/risks model of decentralization can explain many of the empirical findings and that institutional tradition and history may be a major determinant of decentralization in some areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in higher education 6 (1977), S. 201-214 
    ISSN: 1573-188X
    Keywords: collegiality ; influence ; decision making ; higher education
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Data on 115 colleges and universities are used to examine the effect of the qualifications of the faculty and decentralization of authority on faculty influence over general educational policy and faculty appointments. The findings suggest that university administrators respond to the presence of highly qualified faculties by allowing them to have more influence which is exercised largely through the formally constituted decision-making bodies of the faculty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 612 (1992), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxoniobates ; cobalt niobate ; chemical vapour transport ; thermodynamical calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions on the Thermal Behaviour of Oxoniobates of the Transition Metals. IV The Chemical Vapour Transport of CoNb2O6 with Cl2, NH4Cl, or HgCl2. Experiments and CalculationsWell shaped crystals of CoNb2O6 were obtained by CVT using Cl2 (added as PtCl2), NH4Cl or HgCl2 as transport agents (1020°C → 960°C). As a result of thermodynamic calculations the evaporation and deposition of CoNb2O6 in the presence of Cl2 can be expressed by the heterogenous endothermic equilibrium (1). The endothermic reaction (2) is responsible for the CVT of CoNb2O6 if NH4Cl is used as transport agent: The unfavourable site of the equilibrium (3) causes the small transport effect using HgCl2 as transport agent. Assuming ΔBH°298(CoNb2O6,s) = -524.7 kcal/mol a satisfying agreement between thermodynamical calculation and experimental results can be reached.
    Notes: Gut ausgebildete Kristalle von CoNb2O6 ließen sich mit Cl2 (Zusatz von PtCl2), NH4Cl oder HgCl2 als Transportmittel im Temperaturgefälle (1020°C → 960°C) erhalten. Mit Cl2 sowie mit NH4Cl konnten hohe, mit HgCl2 dagegen nur geringe Transportraten erzielt werden.Thermodynamische Modellrechnungen zeigen, daß der Transport in Gegenwart von Cl2 durch das heterogene endotherme Gleichgewicht (1) gut beschrieben werden kann. Bei Zugabe von NH4Cl ist die endotherme Reaktion (2) für die Wanderung von CoNb2O6 im Temperaturgradienten verantwortlich.Infolge der ungünstigen Lage des Gleichgewichts (3) ist HgCl2 als Transportmittel weniger geeignet.Experimente und Modellrechnungen zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung, wenn ΔBH°298(CoNb2O6,f) zu - 524,7 kcal/mol abgeschätzt wird.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxoniobates ; manganese oxoniobate, MnNb2O6 ; chemical vapour transport ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions on the Thermal Behaviour of Oxoniobates of the Transition Metals. II. The Chemical Vapour Transport of MnNb2O6 with Cl2 or NH4Cl. Experiments and CalculationsCrystals of MnNb2O6 were obtained by chemical transport reactions in a temperature gradient (1020°C → 960 °C) using Cl2 (added as PtCl2) or NH4Cl as transport agent. As a result of thermodynamic calculations the evaporation and deposition of MnNb2O6 in the presence of Cl2 can be expressed by the endothermic equilibrium (1).The endothermic reaction (2) is responsible for the migration of MnNb2O6 if NH4Cl is used as transport agent.Assuming ΔH°298(MnNb2O6, s) = -567.6 kcal/mol a satisfying agreement between thermodynamic calculations and experimental results can be reached.
    Notes: Kristalle von MnNb2O6 ließen sich mit Cl2 (Zusatz von PtCl2) oder NH4Cl als Transportmittel im Temperaturgefälle (1020°C → 960° C) abscheiden. Wie thermodynamische Modellrechnungen zeigen, ist für den Transport mit Cl2 das endotherme Gleichgewicht (1) bestimmend.Bei Zugabe von NH4Cl ist die endotherme Reaktion (2) für die Wanderung von MnNb2O6 im Temperaturgradienten verantwortlich.Experimente und Modellrechnungen stimmen gut überein, wenn δBH°298(MnNb2O6, f) zu -567, 6 kcal/mol abgeschätzt wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 614 (1992), S. 47-52 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxoniobates ; nickel oxoniobate, NiNb2O6 ; chemical vapour transport ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions on the Thermal Behaviour of Oxoniobates of the Transition Metals. V. Chemical Vapour Transport of NiNb2O6 with Cl2 or NH4Cl. Experiments and CalculationsWell shaped crystals of NiNb2O6 were obtained by CVT using Cl2 (added as PtCl2) or NH4Cl as transport agents (1020°C → 960°C). As a result of thermodynamic calculations the migration of NiNb2O6 in the temperature gradient in the presence of Cl2 can be expressed by the heterogenous endothermic equilibrium (1).\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm NiNb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 6, s}} + 4{\rm Cl}_{{\rm 2, g}} = {\rm NiCl}_{{\rm 2, g}} + 2{\rm NbOCl}_{\rm 3} + {\rm 2O}_{{\rm 2, g}} {\rm \qquad (1)} $$\end{document}Assuming ΔBH298o(NiNb2O6, s) = -524.4 kcal/mol a satisfying agreement between thermodynamical calculation and experimental results can be reached.NH4Cl is less suitable as transport agent, because Ni2+ is partly reduced to the metal by NH3. The additionally H2O produced by this reduction leads to a less favourable equilibrium position of (2) and to low deposition rates.\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm NiNb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 6, s}} + 8{\rm HCl}_{\rm g} = {\rm NiCl}_{{\rm 2, g}} + 2{\rm NbOCl}_{{\rm 3, g}} + {\rm 2H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm g} {\rm \qquad (2)} $$\end{document}.
    Notes: Gut ausgebildete Kristalle von NiNb2O6 ließen sich mit cl2 (Zusatz von PtCl2) oder NH4Cl als Transportmittel im Temperaturgefälle (1020°C→960°C) abscheiden. Begleitende thermodynamische Modellrechnungen zeigen, daß der Transport bei Zugabe von Cl2 durch das heterogene endotherme Gleichgewicht (1)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm NiNb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 6, f}} + 4{\rm Cl}_{{\rm 2, g}} = {\rm NiCl}_{{\rm 2, g}} + 2{\rm NbOCl}_{\rm 3} + {\rm 2O}_{{\rm 2, g}} {\rm \qquad (1)} $$\end{document}beschrieben werden kann. Experimente und Modellrechnungen sind in guter Übereinstimmung, wenn ΔBH298o(NiNb2O6, f) zu -524,4 kcal/mol abgeschätzt wird.NH4Cl ist als Transportmittel wenig geeignet, da Ni2+ zum Teil durch NH3 zum Metall reduziert wird; dadurch zusätzlich entstehendes H2O führt zu einer ungünstigen Gleichgewichtslage der Transportreaktion (2) und dementsprechend niedrigen Transportraten.\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm NiNb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 6, f}} + 8{\rm HCl}_{\rm g} = {\rm NiCl}_{{\rm 2, g}} + 2{\rm NbOCl}_{{\rm 3, g}} + {\rm 2H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm g} {\rm \qquad (2)} $$\end{document}.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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