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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of N addition rates on the productivity ofPicea Sitchensis,Thuja plicata, andTsuga heterophylla seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 198-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; Photosynthesis ; Picea sitchensis ; Thuja plicata ; Tsuga heterophylla
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of differing, exponentially increasing rates of N addition (0.025, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 gN gN-1day-1) on photosynthesis, discrimination against13C and partitioning of foliar N to chlorophyll and major photosynthetic proteins were compared in seedlings of the evergreen conifersPicea sitchensis, Thuja plicata andTsuga heterophylla. T. heterophylla had the lowest range of foliar N concentrations (Nlm). Across species, photosynthetic rates (A) increased linearly with Nlm to a maximum at 21 mg g-1 and declined at higher Nlms. Species differences inA resulted from differences in Nlm, not from differences in photosynthetic N use efficiency. Self-shading may have causedA to decline at a high Nlm inP. sitchensis andT. plicata. Measurements of gas exchange and δ13C suggested that carboxylation capacity increased more than did stomatal conductance as Nlm increased. The responses were small and confined to Nlms associated with the lesser rates of N addition. Concentrations of total protein, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RUBISCO) and the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex (LHC) increased with Nlm, but the fraction of foliar N allocated to RUBISCO and LHC increased with Nlm only inP. sitchensis and only between the 0.025 and 0.05N regimes. The responsiveness ofA and concentrations of RUBISCO to Nlm were less than reported for deciduous C3 species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340772
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of N addition rates on the productivity of Picea Sitchensis, Thuja plicata, and Tsuga heterophylla seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 198-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Nitrogen ; Photosynthesis ; Picea sitchensis ; Thuja plicata ; Tsuga heterophylla
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of differing, exponentially increasing rates of N addition (0.025, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 gN gN–1day–1) on photosynthesis, discrimination against 13C and partitioning of foliar N to chlorophyll and major photosynthetic proteins were compared in seedlings of the evergreen conifers Picea sitchensis, Thuja plicata and Tsuga heterophylla. T. heterophylla had the lowest range of foliar N concentrations (Nlm). Across species, photosynthetic rates (A) increased linearly with Nlm to a maximum at 21 mg g–1 and declined at higher Nlms. Species differences in A resulted from differences in Nlm, not from differences in photosynthetic N use efficiency. Self-shading may have caused A to decline at a high Nlm in P. sitchensis and T. plicata. Measurements of gas exchange and δ13C suggested that carboxylation capacity increased more than did stomatal conductance as Nlm increased. The responses were small and confined to Nlms associated with the lesser rates of N addition. Concentrations of total protein, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RUBISCO) and the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex (LHC) increased with Nlm, but the fraction of foliar N allocated to RUBISCO and LHC increased with Nlm only in P. sitchensis and only between the 0.025 and 0.05N regimes. The responsiveness of A and concentrations of RUBISCO to Nlm were less than reported for deciduous C3 species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009648
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionizing radiation and breast cancer in men (United States) (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 5 (1994), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast neoplasms ; ionizing radiation ; males ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purposes of this study were to determine whether exposure of the vestigial male breast to ionizing radiation is associated with an increase in risk of breast cancer and, if so, to determine whether the apparent effects on risk in men are similar to those reported for women. A population-based case-control study of breast cancer in men was conducted in 10 geographic areas of the United States. Information on possible prior exposure to ionizing radiation, and on other potential risk factors for breast cancer, was obtained from personal interviews of 227 cases and 300 controls who were recruited from October 1983 to September 1986. Evidence from this study that ionizing radiation can cause breast cancer in men includes: a modest trend of increasing risk with frequency of chest X-rays; an increase in risk in men with three or more radiographic examinations, especially if received prior to 1963; and an increase in risk in men who received X-ray treatments to the chest and adjacent body areas. Risk was increased only from 20 to 35 years after initial exposure from either radiographic examinations or X-ray treatments, and declined after three to four decades since last exposure, suggesting a wave of increased risk of finite duration following exposure. The doses of radiation received could not be estimated precisely, but those from diagnostic procedures were likely similar to those received by prepubertal females in prior studies, and the results of those and the present investigation are compatible. The carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation may be similar in the male and prepubertal female breast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01830721
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet and premenopausal bilateral breast cancer: A case-control study (1997)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 42 (1997), S. 243-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: case-control study ; diet ; fat ; premenopausal bilateral breast neoplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated associations between diet and premenopausal bilateral breast cancer in a familial matched case-control study. We studied 140 cases from population-based registries in Los Angeles County (California) and Connecticut, and from the major hospitals in the southern parts of the Province of Quebec. Unaffected sisters of the cases served as matched controls (222 total). Dietary intake were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, oleic acid, and linoleic acid intake was inversely associated with premenopausal bilateral breast cancer risk. Consumption of carbohydrates (and sweetened beverages) was associated with an increased risk. We observed no associations for dietary fiber, antioxidants, or major food groupings, but we did observe inverse associations for intake of low fat dairy products and tofu. These findings suggest that monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, as well as soy foods, might reduce the risk of premenopausal bilateral breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005710211184
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case-control study of reproductive variables, alcohol, and smoking in premenopausal bilateral breast cancer (1996)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 37 (1996), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: reproductive factors ; alcohol ; smoking ; premenopausal bilateral breast neoplasms ; case-control study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Premenopausal bilateral breast cancer is characterized by a strong family risk, and, consequently, a high probability that inherited susceptibility genes may be segregating in these families. Determining whether risk factors that affect other breast cancer cases have a similar effect in the etiology of bilateral breast cancer is of interest. Therefore, as part of an ongoing genetic-epidemiologic study of premenopausal bilateral breast cancer, we conducted a case-control analysis of reproductive variables, benign breast disease, alcohol, and smoking. Cases had premenopausal bilateral breast cancer, and their unaffected sisters served as controls. A set of reproductive variables — including earlier age at menarche, nulliparity, and late age at first full term pregnancy — appeared to increase the risk of breast cancer; the corresponding confidence limits, however, were wide and straddled the null. In addition, other variables associated with increased premenopausal bilateral breast cancer risk were: use of oral contraceptives, history of benign breast disease, and high alcohol consumption. We found no positive association for smoking. Nulliparity and late age at first full-term pregnancy appeared to have different effects in women with family histories of breast cancer than in women without such a history. We detected no substantial effect modification for the other risk factors. In general, risk factors previously identified for breast cancer (usually postmenopausal, unilateral cases) appear also to increase the risk for premenopausal, bilateral breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806631
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histologic types and hormone receptors in breast cancer in men: a population-based study in 282 United States men (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; breast pathology ; histologic classification ; hormone receptors ; males ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histologic slides from 282 incident cases of breast cancer in men, that were identified in 10 population-based cancer registries in the United States, were reviewed by a single pathologist. Breast cancer more often presented in the noninvasive stage in men (10.8 percent of all cases) than would be expected among women. All noninvasive carcinomas were of the ductal type. Of invasive carcinomas, compared with women, men had smaller proportions of lobular and mucinous types and larger proportions of ductal and papillary types and Paget's disease. No case of tubular or medullary carcinoma was seen. The breast in men is composed only of ducts and normally contains no lobules, and the histologic types of breast carcinomas that predominate in men are likely of ductal origin. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were present in 86.7 percent and 76.3 percent of invasive carcinomas, respectively, which are higher proportions than would be expected among women. Also, unlike findings in women, receptor content was not associated with patient age at diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053155
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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