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  • Photosynthesis (metabolites)  (4)
  • Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency  (4)
  • diversity  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between contents of photosynthetic metabolites and the rate of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in leaves of Amaranthus edulis L. (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 174 (1988), S. 253-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Amaranthus (gas exchange) ; C4 plants ; Photosynthesis (metabolites) ; Zea (photosynthesis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the gas-exchange characteristics of attached leaves of Amaranthus edulis L. and the contents of photosynthetic intermediates was examined in response to changing irradiance and intercellular partial pressure of CO2. After determination of the rate of CO2 assimilation at known intercellular CO2 pressure and irradiance, the leaf was freeze-clamped and the contents of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, glycerate-3-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, triose phosphates, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, aspartate, alanine, malate and glutamate were measured. A comparison between the sizes of metabolite pools and theoretical calculations of metabolite gradients required for transport between the mesophyll and the bundle-sheath cells showed that aspartate, alanine, glycerate-3-phosphate and triose phosphates were present in sufficient quantities to support transport by diffusion, whereas pyruvate and oxaloacetate were not likely to contribute appreciably to the flux of carbon between the two cell types. The amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate were high at low intercellular partial pressures of CO2, and fell rapidly as the CO2-assimilation rate increased with increasing intercellular partial pressures of CO2, indicating that bundle-sheath CO2 concentrations fell at low intercellular partial pressures of CO2. In contrast, the amount of phosphoenolpyruvate and of C4-cycle intermediates declined at low intercellular partial pressures of CO2. This behaviour is discussed in relation to the co-ordination of carbon assimilation between the Calvin and C4 cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394779
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some relationships between contents of photosynthetic intermediates and the rate of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in leaves of Zea mays L. (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 178 (1989), S. 258-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: C4 plant ; Photosynthesis (metabolites) ; Zea (gas exchange)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the gas-exchange characteristics of attached leaves of Zea mays L. and the contents of photosynthetic intermediates was examined at different intercellular partial pressure of CO2 and at different irradiances at a constant intercellular partial pressure of CO2. (i) The behaviour of the pools of the C4-cycle intermediates, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate, provides evidence for light regulation of their consumption. However, light regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase does not influence the assimilation rate at limiting intercellular partial pressures of CO2. (ii) A close correlation between the pools of phosphoenolpyruvate and glycerate-3-phosphate exists under many different flux conditions, consistent with the notion that the pools of C4 and C3 cycles are connected via the interconversion of glycerate-3-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. (iii) The ratio of triose-phosphate to glycerate-3-phosphate is used as an indicator of the availability of ATP and NADPH. Changes of this ratio with CO2 and with irradiance are compared with results obtained in C3 leaves and indicate that the mechanism of regulation of carbon assimilation by light in leaves of C4 plants may differ from that in C3 plants. (iv) The behaviour of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate pool with CO2 and irradiance is contrasted with the behaviour of these pools measured in leaves of C3 plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in leaves of C3–C4 intermediate species ofMoricandia andFlaveria (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1994), S. 232-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: C3–C4 intermediate plants ; Flaveria (gas exchange) ; Moricandia (gas exchange) ; Photosynthesis (metabolites)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the gas-exchange characteristics, the contents of photosynthetic intermediates and the quantum yield of photosystem II was examined at different intercellular partial pressures of CO2 (p i) in attached leaves ofMoricandia arvensis L. (D.C.) andFlaveria floridana J.R. Johnson (both C3–C4 intermediate plants) and, for comparison, inF. pringlei Gandoger (a C3 plant) and inF. bidentis (a C4 plant). Both C3–C4 intermediate species had pools of phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, alanine and aspartate intermediate to those of the C3 and C4 species examined.Moricandia arvensis had large pools of glycine at lowp i, consistent with the operation of a glycine shuttle from mesophyll to bundle-sheath cells. It also had a high pool of triose-phosphate at ambient partial pressures of CO2, indicating that a glycerate-3-phosphate/triose-phosphate shuttle could operate in this species. This was not the case inF. floridana. A decline in the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and triose-phosphate pool inM. arvensis, and a rise in the pools of glycerate-3-phosphate and pyruvate inF. floridana, at lowp i, show different patterns of metabolic regulation inM. arvensis andF. floridana at lowp i in comparison to C3 and C4 plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01089039
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in leaves of C3–C4 intermediate species of Moricandia and Flaveria (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1994), S. 232-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: C3–C4 intermediate plants ; Flaveria (gas exchange) ; Moricandia (gas exchange) ; Photosynthesis (metabolites)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the gas-exchange characteristics, the contents of photosynthetic intermediates and the quantum yield of photosystem II was examined at different intercellular partial pressures of CO2 (p i) in attached leaves of Moricandia arvensis L. (D.C.) and Flaveria floridana J.R. Johnson (both C3–C4 intermediate plants) and, for comparison, in F. pringlei Gandoger (a C3 plant) and in F. bidentis (a C4 plant). Both C3–C4 intermediate species had pools of phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, alanine and aspartate intermediate to those of the C3 and C4 species examined. Moricandia arvensis had large pools of glycine at low p i, consistent with the operation of a glycine shuttle from mesophyll to bundle-sheath cells. It also had a high pool of triose-phosphate at ambient partial pressures of CO2, indicating that a glycerate-3-phosphate/triose-phosphate shuttle could operate in this species. This was not the case in F. floridana. A decline in the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and triose-phosphate pool in M. arvensis, and a rise in the pools of glycerate-3-phosphate and pyruvate in F. floridana, at low p i, show different patterns of metabolic regulation in M. arvensis and F. floridana at low p i in comparison to C3 and C4 plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194457
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective comparative study of abnormal distal rectoanal excitatory reflex, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency, and single fiber density as markers of pudendal neuropathy (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 794-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Pudendal neuropathy ; Single fiber density ; Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency ; Balloon reflex manometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the role of abnormal distal rectoanal excitatory reflex (RAER) as a marker of pudendal neuropathy and to compare results with pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) and single fiber density (SFD) estimation. METHODS: Fifteen female patients (mean age, 47.1 (range, 20–70) years) referred to the pelvic floor laboratory with pelvic floor disorders (fecal incontinence, 13 patients; constipation, 2 patients) were evaluated prospectively with neurophysiologic tests and balloon reflex manometry for evidence of pudendal neuropathy. RESULTS: Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency provided evidence of pudendal neuropathy in ten patients (67 percent) and was normal in five patients (33 percent). Increased SFD confirmed denervation of the external anal sphincter in 12 patients (80 percent), being normal in 3 patients (20 percent). Distal RAER was abnormal in 13 patients (87 percent) and was normal in 2 patients (13 percent). In ten patients (67 percent), the three diagnostic modalities were in complete agreement, correctly identifying neuropathy in nine patients (60 percent) and excluding nerve damage in one patient (7 percent). Distal RAER was normal despite prolonged PNTML and increased SFD in one patient (7 percent). In two patients (13 percent), distal RAER was abnormal or absent despite normal PNTML and SFD. Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency was normal in the presence of abnormal distal RAER and increased SFD on electromyography in two patients (13 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal distal RAER compares favorably with current neurophysiologic tests used to diagnose pudendal neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02054446
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distal rectoanal excitatory reflex: A reliable index of pudendal neuropathy? (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 916-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Pudendal neuropathy ; Fecal incontinence ; Manometry ; Rectoanal excitatory reflex ; Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency ; Electromyography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Denervation of the extrinsic anal sphincter and pudendal neuropathy are confirmed by electrophysiologic or electromyographic testing, techniques that may not be available universally and require special equipment and training. A simple manometric test that is easy to perform and complements existing studies was performed to confirm pudendal neuropathy. METHODS: Fourteen patients with excessive defecatory straining and 30 patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence were studied by electrophysiology and balloon reflex manometry. Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) and rectoanal excitatory reflex were evaluated for abnormalities. Results were compared with 20 controls who had no anorectal complaints and who had similar testing performed. RESULTS: In controls, PNTML was normal in all but one person. Rectoanal excitatory reflex could be elicited in all controls with either 20 or 40 ml of air. Four different types of balloon reflex responses were observed in patient groups: diminutive excitation, delayed excitation, excitation at high volume of distention only, and absent excitation. Ten patients with fecal incontinence had normal PNTML but abnormal distal excitatory reflex, 5 patients had abnormal PNTML but normal distal excitatory reflex, and 15 patients had both PNTML and excitatory reflex that were abnormal. In patients with excessive defecatory straining, results of both tests were abnormal in six patients, and eight patients had abnormal excitatory reflex but normal PNTML. CONCLUSION: Pudendal neuropathy may result in abnormalities of excitatory reflex morphology or other characteristics. Abnormal distal excitatory reflex may complement electrophysiologic findings or may serve as a suitable alternative to confirm pudendal neuropathy in centers where facilities for formal testing are not available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049725
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unilateral pudendal neuropathy (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 249-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Pudendal neuropathy ; Pelvic floor ; Fecal incontinence ; Computerized anal manometry ; Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Obstetric trauma and excessive defecatory straining with perineal descent may lead to pudendal neuropathy with bilateral increase in pudendal nerve terminal motor latencies (PNTML). We have frequently observed unilateral prolongation of PNTML. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of unilateral pudendal neuropathy are discussed. METHODS: Records of 174 patients referred to pelvic floor laboratory for anorectal manometry and PNTML testing were reviewed. Computerized anal manometry was performed using dynamic pressure analysis, and PNTML was determined using a pudendal (St. Mark's) electrode. RESULTS: No response was elicited from pudendal nerves to electric stimulation from both sides in 14 patients (8 percent) and from one side in 24 patients (13.8 percent). Bilateral PNTML determination was possible in only 136 patients (78 percent), of whom 83 patients (61 percent) had no evidence of neuropathy, revealing normal PNTML on both sides. Of 53 patients (39 percent) with delayed conduction in pudendal nerves, in 15 patients (28 percent), PNTML was abnormally prolonged on both sides, with an abnormal mean value for PNTML. In the remaining 38 patients (72 percent), PNTML was abnormal on one side: in 27 patients with an abnormal mean PNTML and in 11 patients with a normal mean PNTML. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of patients with pelvic floor disorders have only unilateral pudendal neuropathy. Patients with unilaterally prolonged PNTML should be considered to have pudendal neuropathy, despite normal value for mean PNTML. This fact may be relevant in planning surgical treatment and in predicting prognosis of patients with sphincter injuries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049459
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pudendal neuropathy is the only parameter differentiating leakage from solid stool incontinence (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 1220-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency ; Incontinence ; Rectoanal excitatory reflex ; Manometry ; Pudendal neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Fecal incontinence may occur in several forms. Although some patients are grossly incontinent, other patients experience only leakage. In patients with gross incontinence, severity can range from the mildest forms (limited to loss of control of flatus) to the most severe forms (involving loss of solid stool). This study was undertaken to determine which physiologic parameters differentiate female patients with incontinence of solid stool from patients with control of formed stool and incontinence limited to seepage. METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive female patients with a primary complaint of seepage or solid stool incontinence were evaluated using water perfusion manometry, balloon inflation assessment of rectal sensitivity, and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency. A prospectively maintained database was used for collection of data. The findings in the two patient groups were compared with patients in a group of normal control individuals. Ages of the women in the three groups were similar. RESULTS: Both groups of patients demonstrated statistically significant ( P 〈 0.05) decreases in rest and squeeze sphincter lengths, pressures, and pressure volumes compared with normal volunteers. The patients also had significantly more asymmetric high-pressure zones and hypersensitive rectums. No significant difference between the two groups of incontinent patients could be identified using any of these parameters. Significant differences between the groups were found in pudendal nerve function. The distal rectoanal excitatory reflex was abnormal in 58.1 percent of grossly incontinent women compared with 28.6 percent of patients with leakage ( P 〈 0.05). The majority of patients with leakage alone (65 percent) had normal pudendal nerve terminal motor latency, whereas only 22.6 percent of women with gross fecal incontinence had normal pudendal nerve terminal motor latency bilaterally ( P =0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Normal bilateral pudendal nerve function can partially compensate for abnormal sphincter symmetry and function, permitting women with grossly abnormal parameters to maintain control of bowel movements. It remains to be seen whether, with advancing age, patients with leakage will have development of slowed pudendal nerve conduction and, if so, whether their condition will progress to gross incontinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055168
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species richness, endemism and ecology of crustacean assemblages in northern California vernal pools (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 328 (1996), S. 85-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Temporary pools ; vernal pools ; crustaceans ; wetlands ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ephemeral pools occur worldwide, provide habitat for organisms with a variety of life history strategies, and may have served as evolutionary refugia for some taxa since Mesozoic times. Yet, our understanding of the ecology and evolutionary history of ephemeral pool communities is hampered by a paucity of such basic data as the species composition of pool assemblages. We surveyed 58 vernal (ephemeral spring-time) pools from 14 sites in northern California for crustaceans, and found diverse assemblages composed largely of endemic and rare species. Sixty-seven species of crustaceans were found, and as many as 30 of these may be new, undescribed species. Differences in species composition among pools correspond with physical and chemical aspects of the habitat (depth, solutes concentration, elevation, biogeographic region), and with existing geologic/floristic-based habitat descriptions. Species richness is positively correlated with both depth and surface area. This relationship can be explained in terms of hydroperiod (accommodation of species with slower developmental rates in long-lived pools, greater time for temporal resource partitioning) and size (spatial habitat heterogeneity). High species richness and numerous co-occurrences of congeneric species in temporary pools may be due to super-abundant resources, low levels of predation, and annual truncation of the community which prevents ecological interactions from going to completion. The results of this survey underscore the need for conservation of the vernal pool habitat and endemic vernal pool species in California. The best preservation strategy will include many pools at each site, multiple sites of each habitat type, and all identified habitat types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018707
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water quality of a southeast Texas stream (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 76 (1981), S. 69-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Physicochemical ; fecal bacteria ; benthic macroinvertebrates ; diversity ; similarity ; discharge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Water quality of Menard Creek in the Big Thicket National Preserve of southeast Texas was studied from July 1978 to June, 1979 utilizing physicochemical parameters, bacteriological data, and benthic macroinvertebrates. Physicochemical conditions generally indicated good water quality. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were always high and all other parameters were within the expected ranges for small streams in this area. Conductivity and chlorides indicated low concentrations of oil field brines at Stations 4 and 5. Numbers of fecal bacteria were higher than acceptable at all stations during much of the study period. Highest numbers were generally found after heavy rains and surface runoff. Fecal coliform to fecal streptococci ratios indicated human contamination in 53 percent of the 60 samples, while non-human contamination was found in 12 percent of the samples. 125 taxa and 7,462 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected. Chironomids (44.8%, 38 sp.) and oligochaetes (32.1%, 13 sp.) were the dominant groups. The oligochaete Aulodrilus pigueti and the trichopterans Lype diversa and Brachycentrus numerosus were reported in Texas for the first time. The greatest number of taxa was found at Station 1 (79), while Station 5 had the fewest (61). Station 1 had the highest annual species diversity ({xxd}) of 4.37. The other stations had intermediate to high values indicating moderately stressed conditions during high discharge. Sørenson's (1948) index of similarity showed relatively high coefficients of faunal similarity between stations, depending on discharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014036
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