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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 3 (1983), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: Adjuvant therapy ; breast cancer ; ceruloplasmin ; recurrence prediction ; response to therapy ; tumor markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ceruloplasmin (CP), an acute phase reactant, has been found to be elevated in patients with various tumors including breast cancer. We found that the CP level was elevated in 89% of 103 patients with metastatic breast cancer. In 27 patients with measurable metastatic disease that responded to treatment the mean CP level fell by 35% (p〈0.001) and in 22 patients whose disease progressed on treatment, the mean CP level rose by 44% (p〈0.001). Of those patients with Stage II breast cancer that were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, only 6% of patients with a normal post mastectomy CP level have recurred, whereas 44% of patients with an elevated post mastectomy CP level have recurred (p〈0.01). In following patients with breast cancer, we noted that in those patients that recurred, the CP level became elevated 16–34 weeks prior to any clinical evidence of metastases. We also noted that the CP level became elevated after initially falling in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and on occasion, the initially elevated CP level did not even fall. These circumstances may represent resistant microscopic disease, so that changing to a noncross-resistant chemotherapeutic regimen might be appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The principal components factors F1 and F2 in the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log K = {\rm BDP}_0 + S_1 F_1 + S_2 F_2 $$\end{document} have been used to obtain S1 and S2 values for sets of hydrogen-bond bases against 32 reference acid/solvent systems. The constants S1 and S2 define an angle θ = tan-1 S2/S1 that is a measure of the electrostatic:covalent bonding ratio in the hydrogen-bond complex. It is shown that θ can vary from 53 (4-fluorophenol in CH2Cl2)to 86 degrees (Ph2NH in CCl4) depending on the reference acid and solvent. This variation in θ can lead to family dependent behaviour in plots of log K for bases against a given reference acid system vs log K for bases against another reference acid system, and precludes the construction of any general scale of hydrogen-bond basicity using log K values. Amongst a quite wide range of reference acid/solvent systems θ varies only from 64 to 73 degrees, and for bases against these reference systems a ‘reasonably general’ scale could be set up. Such a scale could be extended to bases against reference acid/solvent systems outside the 64-73 degree range provided that certain classes of base (e.g. pyridines, alkylamines) were excluded from the additional reference acid/solvent systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Using the solvatochromic indicator method, a scale of solvent hydrogen-bond basicity, β1 (General), has been set up using a series of double regression equations, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \nu = \nu _0 + s\pi _1^* + b\beta _1 $$\end{document} for 11 aniline-type indicators. A similar solvent scale, β1 (Special), has been constructed by the homomorphic comparison method using only results by Laurence et al. on the indicators 4-nitroaniline and 4-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline. Results are available from our previous work on a general solute scale, β2H, and we have also obtained a special solute scale, β2 (pKHB) from available log K values for hydrogen-bond complexation of bases with 4-fluorophenol in CCl4. However, the two solute β2 scales are virtually identical.It is shown that there is a general connection between β1(General) and β2H, with r = 0·9775 and s.d. = 0·05 for 32 compounds, and between β1(Special) and β2H, with r = 0·9776 and s.d. = 0·06 for the same 32 compounds. The latter correlation over 60 compounds yields r = 0·9684 and s.d. = 0·07. However, there are so many compounds in these regressions for which the differences in the solvent and solute β values are larger than the total expected error of 0·07 units that the use of β1 to predict β2 or vice versa is a very hazardous procedure. About 70 new β1 values obtained by the double regression method are also reported.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 17 (1990), S. 3-7 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: cholesterol ; tamoxifen ; adjuvant therapy ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The serum cholesterol levels of 123 consecutively and newly diagnosed women with Stage I and II breast cancer taking tamoxifen were compared with a control group of 81 consecutively newly diagnosed women with Stage I and II breast cancer who were not taking a hormonal treatment or supplement. Other factors that were evaluated were age, menopausal status, tumor size, weight, height, Quetelet index, and smoking and alcohol intake history. The mean cholesterol change in patients on tamoxifen (34.2 ± 3.6 mg/dl) was significantly greater than controls (1.0 ± 4.1 mg/dl) (P〈0.001). Serum cholesterol fell by more than 10 mg/dl in 72.9% of women on tamoxifen vs. 35.1% of controls and by more than 40 mg/dl in 39.9% of women on tamoxifen vs. 12.6% of controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that tamoxifen administration (P〈0.0001), initial cholesterol level (P = 0.001), and age (P = 0.04) were significant factors in producing a decrease in serum cholesterol. The administration of tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy to women with newly diagnosed breast cancer resulted in a significant fall in serum cholesterol. This effect of tamoxifen on the serum cholesterol may prove to be an additional benefit in the form of reduced cardiovascular risk in these women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 17 (1994), S. 127-141 
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: breast cancer ; adjustment ; cluster analysis ; coping ; fighting spirit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract By means of cluster analytic techniques, four subtypes of psychosocial adjustment were identified in a sample of 122 breast cancer patients who completed the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale. Internal consistency and internal validity of the derived typology were suggested by the finding that two different hierarchical agglomerative clustering methods (average linkage between groups, Ward's) produced similar solutions. Three of the derived subtypes reported normal affect levels but different patterns of relative strengths and dysfunctions, while the fourth subtype appeared to be highly distressed and globally maladjusted. External validation was demonstrated by differentiating the subtypes on variables of negative affect, avoidance coping, and fighting spirit. The clinical and heuristic implications of these findings are discussed. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive assessment of psychosocial functioning of cancer patients. They demonstrate that even non-emotionally distressed patients can have very different profiles of adjustment and may benefit from correspondingly individually tailored psychosocial interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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