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  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe a synthetic method aimed at specifically coupling poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to proteins without altering their spectroscopic properties. To do so, we have first modified the alcohol end group of PEO to an acid end group (PEO-COOH). Coupling of PEO-COOH to Gly A1 methylsulfonylethyloxycarbonyl (Msc) protected insulin yielded NαB1,N∊B29-(PEO)2-insulin. Conversely, coupling of PEO-COOH to insulin whose Gly A1 and Lys B29 amino groups were protected with Msc yielded NαB1-PEO-insulin. The products were obtained in a spectroscopically pure form and characterized by uv and CD spectroscopy. Conformational and biological studies are in progress.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 1014-1018 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cyanobacteria ; surfactant ; hydrogen ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Addition of Tween 85 to aqueous suspensions of Anabaena variabilis induced photosynthetic evolution of hydrogen over a time span of several weeks: As much as 148 nmol H2/h · mg dry weight was produced in the first week by a suspension containing 4.2 mg dry weight of cells and 77 mM Tween 85. The chemical structure of Tween 85 was a necessary prerequisite for inducing hydrogen production, as compounds such as Tween 20, 60, and 80 had a quite different effect. There was a coupling between photosynthetic oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution: Hydrogen evolution started to be effective only when oxygen evolution subdued. The presence of heterocysts in A. variabilis was also required for the Tween-induced hydrogen production. Based on these observations, possible mechanisms for the photosynthetic effect of Tween 85 are advanced and discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 173-178 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cyanobacteria ; photosynthesis ; organic solvent ; microemulsion ; cells ; microbiology ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The solubilization and the photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria (Anabaena variabilis) in water-in-oil microemulsions consisting of (Tween85/Span80)/hexadecane/water is investigated. Transparent and stable solutions containing up to 108 cells/mL could be obtained. The physical state and stability of the cells in the microemulsion, as evidenced from optical and electron microscopy, is dependent upon the physical parameters of the system, and in particular on the hydrophylic-lypophilic balance (HLB) of the surfactant system. Conditions could be found, under which the cells in the microemulsion system display photosynthetic activity This was judged by measuring polarographically the oxygen evolution and by studying the photosynthetic activity in the presence of specific inhinbitors.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 373-385 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The circular dichroism (CD) and 1H-nmr properties of peptide 401, a bee venom component with 22 amino acid residues and two disulfide bridges, have been studied under a variety of conditions and compared with those of the structurally related octadecapeptide apamin. The major component of the relatively intense CD signal in the 200-230-nm region in both cases probably arises from the rigid asymmetric ring structures of the disulfide bridges. CD spectra are practically unaffected by pH (in the region 1-7), solvent (water, trifluoroethanol, dioxane/water mixtures), concentration of peptide, or additions of salt (guanidinium chloride, KCl). Temperature changes (in the range 20-59°C) have only a modest influence. For both apamin and peptide 401, reduction of the two disulfide bridges results in a dramatic change of the CD spectrum, which acquires the characteristic form of a random coil. Preliminary 1H-nmr data are presented for both the reduced and the oxidized form. Several resonance peaks could be assigned on the basis of the theoretical random-coil spectrum. In the oxidized forms, six slowly exchangeable amide protons could be found in a spectrum taken at low pH, which are ascribed to intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Each of the four protons of the two histidine residues of peptide 401 appears as two distinct resonance peaks in the oxidized form but not in the reduced form. This is interpreted as arising from conformational heterogeneity of peptide 401.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 112 (1968), S. 197-209 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dipolmomente einiger Proben verschiedener Stereoregularität von Poly-[(S)-1 -methyl-propyl]-vinyläther (A) und Poly-[(S)-2-methyl-butyl]-vinyläther (C) wurden bestimmt und mit den Ergebnissen von Messungen an Proben mit vergleichbarer Stereoregularität von Polyisopropylvinyläther (B) und Polyisobutylvinyläher verglichen.Es ergab sich: (a) keine bemerkenswerte Abhängigkeit der Dipolmomente von der Steroregularität, mit Ausnahme von (B), dessen am meisten isotaktische Fraktion das niedrigste Dipolmoment aufweist; (b) daß das Dipolmoment der am meisten stereoregulären Fraktion von (A) höher ist als das der entsprechenden Fraktion der nicht optisch aktiven Modellverbindung (B); (c) daß für die Fraktionen, die eine hohe und vergleichbare Stereoregularität besitzen, die Dipolmomente für (A) und (B) niedriger sind, weil dort das an der Verzweigung liegende Kohlenstoffatom der Seitenkette der Hauptkette näher ist.Diese Daten können aus den Unterschieden in den Konformationsgleichgewichten verstanden werden, die für die Hauptkette solcher gelöster Polymeren zu erwarten sind.
    Notes: Dipole moments of some samples having different stereoregularity of poly-[(S)-l-methyl-propyl]-vinyl ether (A) andn poly-[(S)-2-methyl-buthyl]-vinyl ether (C) have been determined and compared with those of samples having comparable stereoregularity of polyisopropyl-vinyl ether (B) and poly-isobutyl-vinyl ether (D).The results indicate: (a) no remarkable dependence of dipole moments on stereoregularity, except for (B), of which the most isotactic fraction has the lowest moment; (b) the dipole moment of the most stereoregular fraction of (A) is higher than that of the corresponding fraction of the non optically active model compound (B); (c) for fractions having high and comparable stereoregularity, the dipole moments are lower in the case of (A) and (B), in which the branched carbon atom of the side group is nearer to the main chain.These data can be interpreted on the basis of the differences in conformational equilibria expected for the main chain of such polymers in solution.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 6 (1968), S. 177-180 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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