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  • 11
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the electrophilic bromination of 17 oligonuclear phenolic compounds with molecular bromine in acetic acid were studied at 22°C. Some of these compounds, consisting of up to 6 phenolic units, which are linked in ortho-position by methylene bridges, and having only one (or two) reactive ortho-position(s) at the end of the molecule, were synthesized for the first time. It could be shown, even for hexanuclear compounds, that the variation of substituents at one end of the molecule leads to a change in the reactivity at the other end, that means over a distance of 22 nonconjugated covalent links. So far, this can be explained only by a chain of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the phenolic hydroxyl groups of adjacent phenolic units. If this chain is interrupted by one methoxy group, a substituent effect cannot be transferred in the same way.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 1427-1433 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polyamides 3-5 were synthesized from α,ω-diamino-substituted oligo(oxyethylene)s (1) and bis-chlorides of dicarboxylic acids (2). As copolymers with defined sequences they contain up to five oxyethylene units per repeating unit. Hereby properties like solubility, thermal stability and complexing ability towards alkali metal cations are influenced.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The first dissociation constant of oligonuclear phenolic compounds consisting of one nitrophenol unit besides further alkyl phenol units (10 dinuclear, 15 trinuclear, 6 tetranuclear compounds, and 4 nitrophenols as model) was determined spectroscopically in water/methanol (50/50 by vol.) at 25°C. For the ortho-linked title compounds with the nitrophenol unit at the end of the molecule a decrease of pK1 is observed which becomes stronger with increasing chain length. The introduction of bulky groups in ortho-position of the dissociating phenolic unit, as well as at the opposite end of the molecule causes a further decrease of pK1. The lowest value is found for a p-nitrophenol unit in the middle of the molecule. The results do not only prove the stabilization of the monoanion by intramolecular hydrogen bonds, but they give also strong evidence for a chain of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the undissociated molecule. The UV-spectra of the monoanions directly show the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Especially the p-nitrophenol system makes it possible, to differentiate according to their strength.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 174 (1973), S. 239-242 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 2539-2542 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 1859-1864 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: α-Hydro-ω-hydroxypoly(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylenemethylene)s (1a, b), the oligomeric condensation products from 4-chloro-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenol and 4-chlorophenol with hydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane, could be completely dehalogenated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with hydrogene/Raney-Ni. The resulting oligomers 2a, b were esterified with acetic anhydride, and the esters 3a, b were subjected to a oligomer analogous Fries rearrangement to form the linear α-hydro-ω-hydroxypoly(5-acetyl-2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylenemethylene)s 4a and 4b. The characterization of the products was mainly done by spectroscopic methods.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 1905-1913 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Several mono- and diesters of four selected 2,2′-methylenediphenols with acrylic, methacrylic, and crotonic acid were synthesized for the first time. Special emphasis was paid to the preparation of diesters with two different acyl groups which could be obtained via the corresponding monoesters. The radical polymerization of these esters with AIBN (mainly in benzene) gave insoluble (crosslinked) products from dimethacrylates and soluble (linear) polymers from mixed diesters with methacrylic and crotonic acid, while the dicrotonates are not reactive.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 263-279 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The chloromethyl derivatives of 16 differently substituted methylenediphenols were synthesized for the first time. To compare their reactivity, the solvolysis in methanol and the animolysis with an excess of p-nitroaniline in dimethyl sulfoxide were studied kinetically at 25°C. The rate constants for the methanolysis do not differ very much, beside of the fact that para-chloromethyl derivatives react about 100 times faster than ortho-chloromethyl derivatives. However, for the aminolysis a large acceleration up to 103 was found for compounds having both hydroxyl groups in ortho-position to the methylene bridge. Obviously, the cleavage of the O—H bond, which occurs in the rate determining step of the aminolysis, is strongly favoured by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the phenolic hydroxyl groups.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 787-801 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The rate of bromination of 6 isomeric dinuclear phenolic compounds having only one reactive position (hydroxydimethylbenzyl-methylphenols 1,2, and 3) was investigated UV-spectroscopically in acetic acid at 22°C. The reaction rate of the ortho-position to the phenolic hydroxy group is decreased by a factor of 3-3,5 if an intramolecular hydrogen bridge between the hydroxy groups of the two phenolic units (1a) is sterically possible. The rate of bromination of the other compounds (1b, 2a, 2b) is approximately the same as that of 2,4-dimethylphenol. The faster reaction of the para-position (3a, 3b) suffers a deceleration by a factor of 1,4 by hydrogen bridging. The ratio of the rate constants of the third and second order term, k3/k2, is nearly the same for all compounds. It must be assumed that a hydrogen bridge between the phenolic hydroxy groups blocks electron pairs of the oxygen atom of the reacting unit which leads to a smaller +M-effect and consequently to a decrease in electron density of this aromatic system.
    Notes: Die Geschwindigkeit der Bromierung von 6 isomeren Zweikernverbindungen mit jeweils einer reaktionsfähigen Stelle (Hydroxydimethylbenzyl-methylphenole 1, 2 und 3) wurde in Eisessig bei 22°C UV-spektroskopisch bestimmt. Für die Reaktion in ortho-Stellung zur phenolischen Hydroxy-Gruppe ergibt sich eine Verminderung der Geschwindigkeit um den Faktor 3-3,5 wenn zwischen den Hydroxy-Gruppen der beiden Phenolbausteine eine intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrücke sterisch möglich ist (1a). In den anderen Fällen (1b, 2a, 2b) verläuft die Bromierung ungefähr ebenso schnell wie bei 2,4-Dimethylphenol. Die schneller verlaufende Reaktion in para-Stellung (3a, 3b) wird durch eine Wasserstoffbrücke um den Faktor 1,4 verlangsamt. Das Verhältnis der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für den Term dritter und zweiter Ordnung, k3/k2, ist bei allen Verbindungen annähernd gleich. Man mußannehmen, daß durch eine Wasserstoffbrücke zwischen den phenolischen Hydroxy-Gruppen Elektronenpaare am Sauerstoffatom des reagierenden Bausteins blokkiert werden, was über einen geringeren + M-Effekt zu einer Verminderung der Elektronendichte dieses aromatischen Systems führt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The rate of bromination of three isomeric trinuclear compounds and a homologous series of oligonuclear compounds containing up to six methylphenol units per molecule was investigated by UV-spectroscopy in acetic acid at 22°C. All compounds had only one reactive position: the ortho position to the phenolic hydroxy group. The reaction rate is mainly determined by the possibility of intramolecular hydrogen bridging between the hydroxy groups of the reacting unit and the adjacent unit. If such a hydrogen bridge is sterically impossible, the second and third order rate constants are increased by a factor of 3 to 3,5. However, the reaction rate-is not influenced by the other phenolic units or by the molecular weight.
    Notes: Die Geschwindigkeit der Bromierung von drei isomeren Dreikernverbindungen und einer homologen Reihe von Mehrkernverbindungen mit bis zu sechs Methylphenolbausteinen pro Molekül wurde in Eisessig bei 22°C UV-spektroskopisch gemessen. Alle Verbindungen waren so gewählt, daß sie nur eine reaktionsfähige ortho-Stellung in bezug auf die Hydroxy-Gruppe besaßen. Es zeigte sich, daß die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit im wesentlichen dadurch bestimmt wird, ob zwischen den phenolischen Hydroxy-Gruppen des reagierenden Endbausteins und des unmittelbar benachbarten Bausteins eine intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrücke möglich ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so sind die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten zweiter und dritter Ordnung etwa um den Faktor 3 bis 3,5 höher. Ein Einfluß weiter entfernter Bausteine oder der Molekülgröße ließ sich dagegen nicht nachweisen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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