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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 2723-2748 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isomerization, polymerization, and degradation aspects of endo-N-phenylnadimide and endo-N-isobutylnadimide (NPNI-N and NIBNI-N) were investigated using infrared analysis (IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) techniques. Although the endotherm related to the retro-Diels-Alder reaction is not registered in the DTA thermographs, on-line mass spectrometric studies revealed the occurrence of this process. The formation of the Diels-Alder adduct of cyclopentadiene with N-isobutylnadimide (NIBNI) during the polymerization of NIBNI-N is proved. GPC studies on NPNI-N and NIBNI-N cured at 300°C for 3.0 h showed the average degree of polymerization to be three to four. The polymers obtained by curing NPNI-N and NIBNI-N at 300°C for 3.0 h showed 109.8 kJ/mol as the activation energy for degradation. The dynamic and isothermal pyrolysis studies clearly indicated the presence of intact norbornyl units in the polymer, and the breakage of —CH2— bridges in the strained norbornyl structural elements was found to be the point of aromatization during degradation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 929-931 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 2201-2207 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple procedure for analysis of aromatic antioxidants and UV stabilizers is described: dissolution of polyethylene in n-heptane at temperature 160°C and pressure 0.5 MPa, precipitation of the polymer after a cooling of the solution, filtration of the obtained solution into an injection syringe, and injection into a silica gel column flushed with mobile phase n-heptane plus polar modifier. The eluted additive is detected with a uv detector. Application of the procedure on quantitative determination of Irganox 1330 in PE-MD demonstrates that the above procedure has high recovery of the antioxidant, good reproducibility of the analysis ( σ = 1.9%), and a very low detection limit of 0.013 mg/1 g polymer. The described procedure may be easily adjusted for the analysis of many other additives in semicrystalline polyolefins. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pure regenerated cellulose fibers and those containing various amounts of phosphorus nitride were pyrolyzed under different conditions in the temperature range of 150-440°C. Easily volatile liquid pyrolysis products, the tar fraction of limited volatility, and the charred residue were determined gravimetrically. The liquid volatiles were analyzed by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for their water content. The tarnfraction and the charred residue were inspected by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The studies revealed that the phosphorus nitride flame retardant enhances the onset of the pyrolytic decomposition and the release of water at substantially lower temperatures as observed for pure cellulose. The water release favors the carbonization and its extent reduces the formation of levoglucosan as a precursor of easily flammable pyrolysis products. Thus phosphorous nitride must be classified into the water release favoring flame retardants.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 47-55 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The peak broadening in size exclusion chromatography of seven commercial polystyrene (PS) standards with narrow molar mass distribution (MMD) and of 6-9 polypropylene (PP) fractions (M̄w/M̄n = 1.34-2.10) obtained by direct extraction was determined in four different column sets. The dependence of the Gaussian peak broadening parameter, σ2, on the peak elution volume was different for PS and PP. For a commercial grade of controlled rheology PP (CR-PP) (Daplen PT55) with M̄w/M̄n 〈 3 it was shown that disregard of the peak broadening effect leads to considerable errors in the MMD at low and higher molar mass and in the polydispersity parameter M̄w/M̄n. The same lot was studied in an Austrian National Research program for its physical propeties in processing and application and in a round-robin test of IUPAC working party IV.2.2. on molecular characterization of commercial polymers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pyrolysis experiments were performed in high vacuum and under reduced air pressure (100 Pa). The volatile products of pure cellulose and cellulose containing various amounts of flame retardant 2,2′-oxybis (5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2,2′-disulfide), i.e., Sandoflam 5060 of Sandoz AG, were studied by means of gas chromatography in combination with mass spectroscopy. The volatile products were characterized with infrared spectroscopy. The studied revealed that the incorporation of the flame retardant enhanced the water release and shifted the onset of this reaction to lower temperature. On the basis of these findings an explanation for the mechanism of flame retardancy in generated cellulose fibers modified with this particular flame retardant is attempted. From experiments with different residual air pressure the influence of oxygen on the primary processes of the pyrolytic degradation of cellulose is being discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4751-4760 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An improved method for simultaneous calibration of separation and axial dispersion in SEC/LALLS is presented which partially overcomes restriction imposed in the procedure of He et al. (1982). Both methods are comparatively tested by evaluation of SEC/LALLS experiments with samples from commercial grades of polyisobutylene. On the basis of these findings, the range of applicability and the advantage of the novel procedure are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 58 (1977), S. 199-211 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Modification of polystyrene with certain polyolefins results in product of impact strength if some theoretically derived conditions are fulfilled.With low density polyethylene as soft phase it is demonstrated, how the modification can be reached purpously by grafting, achieving a proper morphology and partial crosslinking. The impact properties of the thus synthesized products generally prove the correctness of the theory. The temperature dependence of the properties gives further insight in the mechanism by which the disperse soft phase effects impact strength.Compared to usual rubbers, polyolefins as soft phase have the advantage of high weatherability, which is also true for ethylene-propylene-terpolymers (EPDM). In the system polystyrene-EPDM optimal modification according to the principles mentioned above results in high weatherability as well as improved impact and tensile properties.
    Notes: Eine Modifizierung von Polystyrol mit bestimmten Polyolefinen ergibt dann ein schlagzähes Produkt, wenn einige aus theoretischen Überlegungen folgende Bedingungen erfüllt sind.Am Beispiel von Hochdruckpolyäthylen als Weichphase wird gezeigt, wie durch Pfropfung, Einstellung der geforderten Morphologie und teilweise Vernetzung die Modifizierung gezielt gelingt.Die Zähigkeitseigenschaften so dargestellter Produkte bestätigen grundsätzlich die Richtigkeit der theoretischen Ansätze, wobei die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Schlagzähigkeit weitere Aufschlüsse über den Wirkungsmechanismus der dispersen Weichphase gibtDer Vorteil, den Polyolefine als Weichphase gegenüber herkömmlichen Kautschukarten bieten, nämlich die erhöhte Witterungsbeständigkeit, kann auch durch Einsatz von Äthylen-Propylen-Terpolymeren erhalten werden. Bei diesem System mit der Kurzbezeichung Hostyren® XS erbrachte die konsequente Verwirklichung optimaler Bauprinzipien für schlagzähe mehrphasensysteme neben der hohen Witterungsstabilität auch verbesserte Eigenschaften hinsichtlich Schlagzähigkeit und Reißdehnung.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 102 (1982), S. 199-213 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Commercially available aqueous dispersions of UF-resins (glues for the production of particle board) were freeze dried and dissolved in DMSO. The solutions were characterized by GPC (gel based on vinylacetate and divinyladipate, length of column 2 - 10 m ), vapor pressure osmometry and light scattering. It is found that highly condensated UF-resins contain fractions with very high molecular weight (M 〉 100 000 g/mol). It is shown that these fractions are present with considerable higher concentration in the disperse phase of the aqueous dispersion and in the fraction which is not soluble in DMF. The potential of this newly developed method of GPC of UF-resins is finally demonstrated by following the aging in aqueous dispersion (at 20°C) and in DMSO (at 60°C).
    Notes: Handelsübliche, als wäßrige Dispersionen angelieferte UF-Leime wurden gefriergetrocknet und das Leimharz in DMSO gelöst mit GPC (Gele auf Basis von Vinylacetat-Divinyladipat, Säulenlänge 2-10 m), Dampfdruckosmometrie und Lichtstreuung untersucht. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß höherkondensierte UF-Harze Anteile mit sehr hohem Molekulargewicht (M 〉 100 000 g/mol) enthalten. Es wurde nachgewiesen, daß sich diese Anteile in der dispersen Phase des Leimes anreichern und in DMF weitgehend unlöslich sind. Die Leistungsfähigkeit der entwickelten Methodik zur GPC von UF-Leimharzen wird schließlich anhand von Untersuchungen der Alterung in wäßriger Dispersion (20°C) und in DMSO (60°C) demonstriert.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A sample from commercially available polyisobutylene with a viscosity average molecular weight of M̄v = 320 000 is fractioned according to Baker-Williams. 9 Fractions are recovered and are characterized by viscometry and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Molecularly very homogeneous fractions with an inhomogeneity U = (M̄w/M̄n)-1 ≈ 0,05 can be obtained in the range of molecular weights up to M̄v = 600 000. Inversion of molecular weight occurs in the last three fractions. A 3 wt.-% portion with M̄v〉106 is lost during the fractionation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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