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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 743-751 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of the length of side chains on the optical configuration parameter Δa of poly(n-alkyl acrylate) networks was theoretically studied using the valence optical scheme (VOS). The theoretical calculations suggest that Δa should be negative, and its absolute value should increase as the side-chain length increases. Moreover, a positive temperature dependence is also predicted. By comparing theoretical and experimental results, it was found that the valence optical scheme gives a good qualitative interpretation of the side-chain effects on the birefringence of the stretched networks. However, the method fails to give a quantitative description of Δa, presumably because strong intermolecular interactions enhance the polarizability along the chains. The fact that the difference between theoretical and experimental values of Δa decreases with increasing side-chain length suggests that flexible long chains act as a diluent reducing intermolecular interactions that enhance Δa.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: anthracene ; fluorescence ; naphthalene ; non-radiative singlet energy transfer ; polyesters ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Steady state fluorescence has been used to study the efficiency of nonradiative single energy transfer for naphthalene → naphthalene and naphthalene → anthracene for polyesters and their bichromophoric model compounds. Polyesters containing only naphthalene groups were derived from 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid as the rigid unit, and two series of glycols, HO—(CH2)m—OH and HO—(CH2CH2O)n;—OH, where m=2-6 and n=1-4, as flexible spacers. Bichromophoric model compounds were derived from 2-naphthoic acid and the same glycols. In order to study the transfer for naphthalene → anthracene, a first attempt was made by studying bichromophoric model compounds D—(CH2)m—A, where D and A denote 2-naphthoate (donor) and 9-anthranoate (acceptor) groups, respectively. The fluorescence anisotropy measurements in a solid matrix of glassy poly(methyl methacrylate), for the compounds containing only naphthalene groups, and the simple excitation and emission spectra, for the compounds containing naphthalene and antharacene groups, clearly demonstrate the presence of non-radiative singlet-singlet energy transfer, the efficiency of which depends mainly on n (or n). A theoretical treatment using the rotational isomeric state model of the conformatin of these molecules has also been performed. The combination of the experiments and the theoretical analysis establishes that the Förster radii are 1.2 and 1.4 nm for the naphthalene → naphthalene transfer in the bichromophoric model compounds and polyesters, respectively, and 1.6 ± 0.2 nm for the naphthalene → anthracene transfer in the model compounds studied.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 21 (1983), S. 1173-1185 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Elastomeric networks were prepared from polydimethylsilmethylene (PDMSM) [—Si(CH3)2CH2—], a polymer closely related to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSO) [—Si(CH3)2O—] and polyisobutylene (PIB) [—C(CH3)2CH2—]. The birefringence of PDMSM in elongation was found to be qualitatively similar to that of PDMSO, in that there was no evidence for strain-induced crystallization. However, the values of the optical-configuration parameter Δa were considerably larger, and both Δa and its temperature coefficient are essentially the same as those of PIB. Swelling the PDMSM networks generally decreased Δa; the largest decreases, obtained as expected with the most nearly symmetrical diluent, were also approximately the same as those observed for PIB. Use of cyclic PDMSO pentamer as diluent in a PDMSM network was found to increase the birefringence, presumably because of orientational effects. Various network-diluent combinations involving the significantly anisotropic PDMSM and the more nearly isotropic PDMSO should be extremely useful for elucidating the nature of these intermolecular correlations. Results obtained from rotational isomeric state theory considerably underestimate both Δa and its temperature coefficient for PDMSM, as they do for PIB. Although the origin of the discrepancy is not necessarily the same for both polymers, the results on PDMSM suggest that the discrepancy for PIB is not due to the severe steric congestion known to be present in this polymer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23 (1985), S. 1031-1041 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two samples of poly(cis/trans-1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol-alt-formaldehyde), having fractions of trans configuration of cyclohexylene rings Ft = 0.1 and 0.7, were synthesized by polycondensation of the appropriate mixtures of glycols with paraformaldehyde. These two samples were crosslinked by a chemical reaction using 2,4-bis(p-isocyanatebenzyl) phenylisocyanate as the crosslinking agent. The stress-optical behavior of the resulting networks was studied at several temperatures in the range 10-80°C. The values of the optical configuration parameter Δα were 9.9 and 7.2 in units of 10-24 cm3 for Ft = 0.7 and 0.1, respectively. The temperature coefficient of this quantity was roughly zero. Theoretical analysis, performed using the rotational isomeric state model, proved that the only parameters that have an appreciable effect on the calculated values of Δα are those concerning the cyclohexane ring (i.e., Ft and the optical parameter ΓCC = ΔαCC - 2ΔαCH). Conformational energies, geometrical parameters, and contributions to the optical anisotropies from the oxymethylene oxide have no noticeable effect on the value of Δα calculated for the polymer. In fact, values of Δα calculated for the polymer at Ft = 0 and 1 are very close to those obtained, respectively, for cis and trans cyclohexane dimethylene. The theoretical values of Δα are roughly one order of magnitude lower than the experimental results; however, the theory reproduces satisfactorily both the variation of Δα with Ft and its temperature coefficient.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 863-874 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Atactic poly(vinyl acetate) prepared in a free-radical polymerization was crosslinked by means of benzoyl peroxide. The resulting elastomeric networks were studied in elongation, both unswollen and swollen with triethylbenzene, over the range 0-90°C. The most important experimental results obtained were values of the network birefringence, which is negative, as was recently also found to be the case for networks of atactic poly(methyl acrylate).Calculations carried out to interpret the birefringence were based on Monte Carlo simulations of the atactic structure, and on the rotational isomeric-state theory of chain configurations. The agreement between theory and experiment was very good, in fact much better than has usually been observed for other polymers studied to date.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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