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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 205 (1993), S. 177-184 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die molekulare Orientierung kreisförmiger Platten aus isotaktischem Polypropylen wurde anhand der optischen Doppelbrecung und des Infrarot-Dichroismus untersucht. Die Proben wurden zwischen vorgeheizten Pressplatten und unter Verwendung von Gleitmittel (Silikonöl) an der Pressplattenoberfläche einachsig komprimiert. Die Änderung der molekularen Anisotropie in den kristallinen Bereichen, bestimmt aus der optischen Deppelbrechung und dem Infrarot-Dichroismus, war vernachlässigbar klein über den Querschnitt der Scheiben. Der Grad der Anisotropie war relativ gering. Polfiguren, welche aus Weitwinkel-Röntgenstreuungsexperimenten bestimmt wurden, weisen auf das Entstehen einer planaren Orientierungstextur hin. Die Orientierung der Polymerketten in den kristallinen Bereichen lag hauptsächlich senkrecht zur Richtung der Kompression.
    Notes: The molecular orientation of isotactic polypropylene disks compressed uniaxially in the solid state using lubricated press platens was studied by measuring optical birefringence, infrared dichroism and wide-angle x-ray scattering. Differences in anisotropy obtained by optical birefringence and infrared dichroism were negligibly small throughout the disk at a low overall level of orientation. Pole figures obtained from WAXS measurements showed that the orientation texture developed during the deformation was essentially planar with polymer chains oriented perpendicularly to the compression direction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 205 (1993), S. 161-175 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die molekulare Orientierung kreisförmiger Platten aus isotaktischem Polypropylen wurde anhand der optischen Doppelbrechung und des Infrarot-Dichroismus untersucht. Die Proben wurden zwischen vorgeheizten Pressplatten und ohne Verwendung von Gleitmitteln an der Pressplattenoberfläche einachsig komprimiert. Die Orientierung war inhomogen über den Querschnitt der Scheiben und vom Radius abhängig. Die Makromoleküle der kristallinen Bereiche in der Nähe der Plattenoberfläche waren überwiegend radial ausgerichtet, wobei in der Mite des Querschnitts die Orientierung axial war. Die mittlere Orientierung der Ketten surde zwischen diesen beiden Extremfällen almählich gedreht, wobei der Orientierungsfaktor den Nullpunkt durchschritt und damit das Vorzeichen wechselte. Die Entstehung dieses Orientierungsprofils wird mit den „springbrunnenähnlichen“ Strömungslinien, welche bei der Deformation gebildet werden, erklärt. Der mechanische Bruch der in radiale bzw. tangentiale Richtung gezogenen Proben erfolgte meistens in der Mitte des Querschnitts. Dieses überraschende Resultat wird der beobachteten axialen Kettenorientierung in der mittleren Probenebene zugeschrieben.
    Notes: The molecular orientation in isotactic polypropylene disks compressed uniaxially in the solid state using non-lubricated press platens was studied by measuring optical birefringence and infrared dichroism. The orientation profile was inhomogeneous through the disk thickness and was dependent on the radial distance from the disk axis. The results indicate that, near the disk surface, the polymer chains in the crystalline regions are oriented parallel to the radial direction, while the chain direction becomes gradually perpendicular to the disk surface near the mid-thickness at the disk. There is consequently a continuous rotation of the chain direction in the crystalline phase between these extremes, with the orientation factor going through zero. The formation of this orientation profile is explained by the observed fountain-flow conditions during the compressive deformation. Mechanical failure of the specimens cut in the radial and in the tangential directions was usually initiated at the mid-plane of the disks. This unusual behavior was attributed to the predominantly perpendicular orientation of the macromolecules in the polymer crystallites near the mid-plane of the oriented disks.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: coordination polymers ; melt viscosity ; thixotropy ; polyesters ; telechelic networks ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscosity behavior of polymer melts containing complexes formed between the neutralized polyester poly(diethylene glycol-co-succinic acid) and Zn acetates is discussed. The melt viscosity of these materials increases with the concentration of metal ions, and shows strong thixotropy and shear thinning. This behavior is attributed to the formation of coordination bonds between the electron donor groups within the polyester chain, and empty coordination sites of the various Zn acetate salts. The coordination complexes were obtained in situ in the polymer melt, which contains well-dispersed ZnO, by adding an equimolar amount of CH3COOH. It is proposed that the shear applied to the polymer melt destroys the polar network of the coordination polymer at a rate that is greater than the rate of reformation of the coordination bonds for the sample returning back to equilibrium, following a shear deformation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2643-2651 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(ethylene oxide) ; poly(methyl methacrylate) ; blends ; atomic-force microscopy ; crystallization ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The binary blend of poly(ethylene oxide)/atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) is examined using hot-stage atomic-force microscopy (AFM) in conjunction with differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. It was found possible to follow in real time the melting process, which reveals itself to be nonuniform. This effect is ascribed to the presence of lamellae having different thicknesses. The crystallization process of poly(ethylene oxide) from the miscible melt is also followed in real time by AFM, affording detailed images of the impingement of adjacent spherulites and direct observation of lamellar growth and subsequent polymer solidification in the interlamellar space.© 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2643-2651, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1991-1999 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experimental and theoretical results are reported on the dependence of melt viscosity on the molar mass of poly(diethylene glycol-co-succinic acid) (DEG-SA) in the nonentangled regime. A power law described the behavior with an exponent of 2.09 ± 0.10 at 30°C and of 2.59 ± 0.09 at 90°C. The modified Rouse theory was used to describe the relationship between melt viscosity and molar mass. The parameters related to the modified Rouse theory were determined by the WLF equation and the free-volume theory. The WLF parameters of various samples were checked at their Tg, which is the reference temperature. Results confirmed that the free volume and the monomeric friction coefficient (ξ0) dominate the behavior of the melt. The agreement between the calculated and experimental melt viscosity is satisfactory. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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