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  • glucose metabolism  (2)
  • Preimplantation development  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of alloxan on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, and cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate levels in rat isolated islets of Langerhans (1979)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 16 (1979), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Alloxan ; cyclic AMP ; isolated islets ; insulin secretion ; glucose metabolism ; 3-0-methylglucose ; glyceraldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin secretion was stimulated and cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) levels were elevated in isolated rat islets by 27.5 mmol/l glucose. Alloxan caused a dose-dependent decrease in both variables with complete obliteration of insulin release at a concentration of 1.25 mmol/l. D-glucose, in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium, or 3-0-methyl-D-glucose (both at 27.5 mmol/l) protected completely against the effects of alloxan on both glucose-induced insulin release and cAMP levels. 3-0-Methylglucose did not stimulate insulin secretion or elevate cAMP and did not interfere with glucose-stimulated secretion or elevation of cAMP. When glucose-stimulated insulin release was abolished by alloxan, the metabolism of glucose, determined by the rate of3H2O formation from [5-3H] glucose, was depressed by 20%. It is concluded that alloxan altered the adenylate cyclase system such that it could no longer be stimulated by glucose. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion or elevation of cAMP did not appear essential for glucose to protect against alloxan. Protection by 3-0-methylglucose did not appear to be mediated through an alteration of cAMP metabolism. Alloxan did not inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion by grossly altering glycolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic effect of fatty acids on insulin release is not through the alteration of glucose metabolism in a pancreatic beta-cell line (βHC9) (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1018-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Islet of Langerhans ; lipotoxicity ; βHC9 cells ; glucose metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hyperinsulinaemia in the fasting state and a blunted insulin secretory response to acute glucose stimulation are commonly observed in obesity associated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hyperlipidaemia is a hallmark of obesity and may play a role in the pathogenesis of this beta-cell dysfunction because glucose metabolism in pancreatic beta cells may be altered by the increased lipid load. We tested this hypothesis by assessing the chronic effect of oleic acid on glucose metabolism and its relationship with glucose-induced insulin release in βHC9 cells in tissue culture. Our results show: (1) A 4-day treatment with oleic acid caused an enhancement of insulin release at 0–5 mmol/l glucose concentrations while a significant decrease in insulin release occurred when the glucose level was greater than 15 nmol/l; (2) Hexokinase activity was increased and a corresponding left shift of the dose-dependency curve of glucose usage was observed associated with inhibition of glucose oxidation in oleic acid treated βHC9 cells, yet the presumed glucose-related ATP generation did not parallel the change in insulin release due to glucose; (3) The rate of cellular respiration was markedly increased in oleic acid treated βHC9 cells both in the absence of glucose and at all glucose concentrations tested. This enhanced oxidative metabolism may explain the increased insulin release at a low glucose level but is clearly dissociated from the blunted insulin secretion at high glucose concentrations. We conclude that a reduction of oxidative metabolism in pancreatic beta cells is unlikely to be the cause of the dramatic effect that high levels of non-esterified fatty acids have on glucose-induced insulin release. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1018–1027]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050783
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein databases for compacted eight-cell and blastocyst-stage mouse embryos (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 34-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Preimplantation development ; Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ; PDQUEST ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: High-resolution two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide (2D-SDS) gel electrophoresis combined with computerized analysis of gel images was used to construct and analyze protein databases for two stages of preimplantation mouse embryogenesis, the compacted eight-cell stage and the fully expanded blastocyst stage. These stages were chosen for their ease in identification of multiple synchronous embryos. Synchronous cohorts of 30-50 embryos were labelled with L-[35S]methionine for 2 hr. The embryos were then lysed in 30 μl hot SDS sample buffer, and the lysates were stored at -80°C until the gels were run. Five replicates were run for eight-cell embryos, and four for blastocyst-stage embryos. The samples were processed for 2D gel electrophoresis and fluorography; multiple exposures were made. Gel images were analyzed using the PDQUEST system, and databases were constructed. Analysis of the databases for both developmental stages showed high reproducibility of protein spots in multiple gel images. Of 1,674 total spots in eight-cell embryo standards, 〉79% of spots had a percentage error (S.E.M./average) 〈50%, and 〉45% had a percentage error 〈30%. Similarly, of 1,653 total spots in blastocyst-stage embryo standards, 74% of spots had a percentage error 〈50%, and approximately 47% of spots had a percentage error 〈30%. Forty-three spots (approximately 3% of the total spots) were found to be detected only in the eight-cell stage, while 75 spots were detected solely in the blastocyst stage. Sixty-nine proteins showed a greater than threefold increase in isotope incorporation from the eight-cell to the blastocyst stage, with a percentage error 〈50% in both the eight-cell and the blastocyst stages. In contrast, 41 of the proteins showed a decrease during this period. Analysis of the protein databases described in this study has allowed us to document the overall quantitative changes in proteins from the compacted eight-cell stage to the blastocyst stage of mouse preimplantation development. These databases provide a valuable tool for further detailed quantitative analysis of specific proteins associated with developmental events. In addition they will permit analysis of the effects of environmental factors, such as growth factors, on early embryo development. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370106
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