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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1010-1012 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Central volume principle ; kinetics of water and sodium ; transit times of water and sodium ; transport of water ; water withdrawal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The principle of ‘central volume’ is applied to the sodium and water contents of the inner medulla of the mammalian kidney. The analysis raises questions about the possibility of concentrating sodium ions in the inner medulla by a mechanism that postulates, in the same tissue segment, water withdrawal from the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle and sodium entry from the ascending thin limb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schmerztherapie ; Ärzte für Allgemeinmedizin ; Vorurteile ; Key words Pain therapy ; General practitioners ; Prejudices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Introduction: Many causes are given as the main reason for inadequate pain therapy. The objective of our study was to demonstrate the current position of doctors in general practice all over Austria who prescribe prescriptions. Methods: A total of 5,359 questionnaires were sent out to general practitioners in all federal states of Austria. These questionnaires contained 21 main questions on subjects relevant to pain therapy. Results: On average, 16% of all generall practitioners returned the questionnaires; 89.3% of these are acquainted with the WHO graduated scale, 87% have prescribed strong opioids. Old prejudices such as concerns about the side effects are hardly to be found now. Modern therapy strategies are used. Conclusion: Based on the data at hand, pain therapy for patients should be excellent. The reality, however, is somewhat different. The large number of doctors who did not reply makes it enormously difficult to make a statement about the position of pain therapy in Austria.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Viele Ursachen werden als Hauptprobleme für eine nicht adäquate Schmerztherapie geäußert. Ziel unserer Studie war es, österreichweit den tatsächlich vorhandenen gegenwärtigen Stand der Verschreibungsgewohnheiten niedergelassener Ärzte für Allgemeinmedizin aufzuzeigen. Insgesamt wurden 5359 Fragebögen an niedergelassene Ärzte für Allgemeinmedizin in allen österreichischen Bundesländern verschickt. Inhalt dieser Fragebögen waren 21 Hauptfragen zu relevanten Themen in der Schmerztherapie. Im Durchschnitt haben 16% aller Ärzte für Allgemeinmedizin die Fragebögen retourniert. 89,3% von ihnen kennen das WHO-Stufenschema. 87% haben starke Opioide verschrieben. Alte Vorurteile, wie Ängste vor Nebenwirkungen sind kaum noch zu finden. Moderne Therapiestrategien werden verwendet. Auf Grund der vorliegenden Daten müßte die Schmerztherapie für Patienten ausgezeichnet sein. In der Realität sieht dies allerdings anders aus. Die hohe Anzahl jener Ärzte, die nicht geantwortet haben, erschwert die Aussage über den Stand der Schmerztherapie in Österreich enorm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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