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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Sex chromosomes ; Sex-differentiating chromocentres ; Heterochromatin ; In situ hybridization ; Phoenix dactylifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In the date palm, a dioecious mode (separate male and female individuals) and the late initial reproductive age (5–10 years) are major practical constraints for genetic improvement. Early selection on young seedlings could enhance breeding programmes and generate experimental male and female genetic stocks, but no cytogenetic protocol exists for sex determination in an immature date palm. Here we describe a cytological method based on chromomycin staining which demonstrates the occurrence of sexual chromosomes carrying distinctive nucleolar heterochromatin and thus offers, for the first time, the possibility of identifying male and female individuals by simple analysis of root meristems. This observation has been extended by in situ rDNA hybridization, confocal microscopy and dual-label flow cytometry of nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Sex chromosomes ; Sex-differentiating chromocentres ; Heterochromatin ; In situ hybridization ; Phoenix dactylifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the date palm, a dioecious mode (separate male and female individuals) and the late initial reproductive age (5–10 years) are major practical constraints for genetic improvement. Early selection on young seedlings could enhance breeding programmes and generate experimental male and female genetic stocks, but no cytogenetic protocol exists for sex determination in an immature date palm. Here we describe a cytological method based on chromomycin staining which demonstrates the occurrence of sexual chromosomes carrying distinctive nucleolar heterochromatin and thus offers, for the first time, the possibility of identifying male and female individuals by simple analysis of root meristems. This observation has been extended by in situ rDNA hybridization, confocal microscopy and dual-label flow cytometry of nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell cycle ; Protoplast division ; Chromatin structure ; Flow-cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using different sources of protoplasts and two complementary techniques, flow cytometry and image analysis, to study the cell-cycle phases, we sought to define the particular protoplast state associated with the disposition to divide. Both inPetunia and inNicotiana plumbaginifolia, tissues with a higher G2 frequency (from different aged plants) yielded protoplasts capable of increased cell division. InSorghum, the age of the plant does not modify the proportion of G2 nuclei in leaf protoplasts, and we used root protoplasts to increase G2 frequencies. InHelianthus annuus, leaf protoplasts did not divide; however, hypocotyl protoplast preparations with relatively high 4C DNA frequencies do divide. Moreover, image analysis of chromatin structure indicated that leaf nuclei were in the G0 phase, unlike those from hypocotyls which were in G1. A high frequency of protoplasts with G2 nuclei appears to be correlated with the ability of a given preparation to undergo division; conversely, the differentiated G0 state is not conducive to division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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