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  • cadmium  (2)
  • Root mucilages  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ binding with mucilage exudates from maize (Zea mays L.) roots (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Root mucilages ; Maize ; Lead ; Copper ; Cadmium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The pectic nature of root mucilages suggests a hypothetical action of these substances on heavy metal flux into the root. In this study the existence of relations between heavy metals and root mucilages were verified and quantified. In order to obtain substantial amounts of pure root mucilages, two methods of collection were developed, using: (1) maize plants grown in the field and (2) hydroponic axenic cultures. The study of mucilage-metal binding was conducted using the dialysis method, which was developed in a previous work. Results show that root mucilages are able to bind metals. The importance of the binding depends on the nature of the cation, following the order Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Cd. These reactions could be due to exchange processes involving mucilage cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) and heavy metals. The role of mucilages on the retention of heavy metals in the rhizosphere is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00638958
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobilization of cadmium and other metals from two soils by root exudates of Zea mays L., Nicotiana tabacum L. and Nicotiana rustica L. (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cadmium ; copper ; extraction method ; iron ; maize ; manganese ; nickel ; root exudate ; tobacco ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soluble root exudates were collected from three plants (Nicotiana tabacum L., Nicotiana rustica L. and Zea mays L.), grown under axenic and hydroponic conditions, in order to study their metal-solubilizing ability for Cd and other cations (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn). Nicotiana spp. and Zea mays L. root exudates differed markedly in C/N ratio, sugars vs. amino acids ratio and organic acids content. Metals from two soils were extracted with either root exudate solutions, containing equal amounts of organic carbon, or distilled water as control. In the presence or absence of root exudates, the solubility of Fe and Mn was much higher than of the four other metals tested. Root exudates increased the solubilities of Mn and Cu, whereas those of Ni and Zn were not affected. Root exudates of Nicotiana spp. enhanced the solubility of Cd. The extent of Cd extraction by root exudates (N. tabacum L. N. rustica L. Zea mays L.) was similar to the order of Cd bioavailability to these three plants when grown on soil. An increase in Cd solubility in the rhizosphere of apical root zones due to root exudates is likely to be an important cause of the relatively high Cd accumulation in Nicotiana spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010399
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium toxicity effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and activities of stress related enzymes in young maize plants (Zea mays L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 200 (1998), S. 241-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biomarker ; cadmium ; maize (Zea mays L.) ; peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plants were cultivated in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (i.e. 0.001–25 µM), under strictly controlled growth conditions. Changes in both growth parameters and enzyme activities, directly or indirectly related to the cellular free radical scavenging systems, were studied in roots and leaves of 14-day-old maize plants (Zea mays L., cv. Volga) as a result of Cd uptake. A decrease in both shoot length and leaf dry biomass was found to be significant only when growing on 25 µM Cd, whereas concentrations of chlorophyll pigments in the 4th leaf decreased from 1.7 µM Cd on. Changes in enzyme activities occurred at lower Cd concentrations in solution leading to lower threshold values for Cd contents in plants than those observed for growth parameters. Peroxidase (POD; E.C. 1.11.1.7) activity increased in the 3rd and 4th leaf, but not in roots. In contrast, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; E.C. 1.1.1.49), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH; E.C. 1.1.1.42) and malic enzyme (ME; E.C. 1.1.1.40) activities decreased in the 3rd leaf. According to the relationship between the POD activity and the Cd content, a toxic critical value was set at 3 mg Cd per kg dry matter in the 3rd leaf and 5 mg Cd per kg dry matter in the 4th. Anionic POD were determined both in root and leaf protein extracts; however, no changes in the isoperoxidase pattern were detected in case of Cd toxicity. Results show that in contrast with growth parameters, the measurement of enzyme activities may be included as early biomarkers in a plant bioassay to assess the phytotoxicity of Cd-contaminated soils on maize plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004346905592
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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