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  • copper  (2)
  • Root mucilages  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ binding with mucilage exudates from maize (Zea mays L.) roots (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Root mucilages ; Maize ; Lead ; Copper ; Cadmium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The pectic nature of root mucilages suggests a hypothetical action of these substances on heavy metal flux into the root. In this study the existence of relations between heavy metals and root mucilages were verified and quantified. In order to obtain substantial amounts of pure root mucilages, two methods of collection were developed, using: (1) maize plants grown in the field and (2) hydroponic axenic cultures. The study of mucilage-metal binding was conducted using the dialysis method, which was developed in a previous work. Results show that root mucilages are able to bind metals. The importance of the binding depends on the nature of the cation, following the order Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Cd. These reactions could be due to exchange processes involving mucilage cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) and heavy metals. The role of mucilages on the retention of heavy metals in the rhizosphere is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00638958
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobilization of cadmium and other metals from two soils by root exudates of Zea mays L., Nicotiana tabacum L. and Nicotiana rustica L. (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cadmium ; copper ; extraction method ; iron ; maize ; manganese ; nickel ; root exudate ; tobacco ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soluble root exudates were collected from three plants (Nicotiana tabacum L., Nicotiana rustica L. and Zea mays L.), grown under axenic and hydroponic conditions, in order to study their metal-solubilizing ability for Cd and other cations (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn). Nicotiana spp. and Zea mays L. root exudates differed markedly in C/N ratio, sugars vs. amino acids ratio and organic acids content. Metals from two soils were extracted with either root exudate solutions, containing equal amounts of organic carbon, or distilled water as control. In the presence or absence of root exudates, the solubility of Fe and Mn was much higher than of the four other metals tested. Root exudates increased the solubilities of Mn and Cu, whereas those of Ni and Zn were not affected. Root exudates of Nicotiana spp. enhanced the solubility of Cd. The extent of Cd extraction by root exudates (N. tabacum L. N. rustica L. Zea mays L.) was similar to the order of Cd bioavailability to these three plants when grown on soil. An increase in Cd solubility in the rhizosphere of apical root zones due to root exudates is likely to be an important cause of the relatively high Cd accumulation in Nicotiana spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010399
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper toxicity in young maize (Zea mays L.) plants: effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and enzyme activities (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 182 (1996), S. 287-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biomarker ; copper ; (iso)peroxidase ; maize ; peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the growth parameters and in enzyme activities were studied in roots and leaves of 14-days old maize grown in a nutrient solution containing various copper concentrations (i.e. 0.01 to 10 μM). A significant decrease in root and leaf biomass was only found at 10 μM Cu. In contrast, changes in several enzyme activities occured at lower copper concentrations in the solution, corresponding to different threshold values which are lower than those observed for growth parameters. Peroxidase (POD) activity significantly increased in all investigated plant organs (i.e. 3rd-leaf, 4th-leaf and roots) in relation to their copper content. Additionally, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activities decreased in the leaves, especially in the 4th-leaf. However, the activity of malic enzyme (ME), G-6-PDH, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and ICDH increased with the copper content in roots. According to the relationship between POD activity and copper content, the toxic critical value was set at 26 mg Cu per kg dry matter (DM) in roots and 21 mg Cu per kg DM in the 3rd-leaf. In roots, a new isoenzyme of peroxidase appeared for copper content above 12.6 mg Cu kg DM−1. Measurement of enzyme activity, especially that of POD and Cu-specific changes in the (iso)peroxidase pattern, might be used as biomarkers to assess the phytotoxicity for maize grown on copper-contaminated substrata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029060
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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